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Bio Chapter 2
Honors Biology Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biology | the study of life |
| Emergent Diseases: | new diseases appearing in nature |
| Genome | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Protoplasm | a highly organized group of chemicals that make life possible |
| Organism | a living thing |
| Cell | the basic unit of life |
| Organelle | little organs; chemicals are organized by their function |
| Levels of Biological Organisms | Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, body system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere |
| Unicellular | single celled |
| Multicellular | multiple cells |
| Metabolism | the sum total of all the chemical that makes life possible |
| Catabolism | breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones |
| Anabolism | building up from simple to complex molecules |
| Second Law of Thermodynamic | aka the law of entropy; states that all matter tends toward disorder |
| Autotrophs | producers; self-feeders |
| Photosynthesis | use sunlight as an energy source to produce food |
| Chemosynthesis | use chemicals and heat as an energy source to produce food |
| Heterotrophs | consumers |
| Herbivore | consumers that eat plants |
| Carnivore | consumers that eat animals |
| Omnivore | consumers that eat both plants and animals |
| Parasite | requires a living host |
| Ectoparasites | lives outside of host |
| Endoparasites | lives inside of host |
| Saphrophytes | decomposers; recycles nutrients |
| Food Chains | only one organism at each level |
| Food Webs | more than one organism at each level |
| Symbiosis | a relationship in which members of different species live in close physical contact with each other |
| Mutualism | when two species both benefit from the relationship |
| Commensalism | when one organism benefits but the other doesn't, yet is not harmed |
| Reproduction | producing "like" organisms |
| Asexual Reproduction | 1 parent reproduces, so there is no genetic variety (unless there are mutations) |
| Binary Fission | splitting into two |
| Budding | a miniature version coming off of the adult that eventually falls off |
| Fragmentation | cutting up the body and each piece could become offspring |
| Regeneration | organism can replace parts that were cut off |
| Sexual Reproduction | 2 parents reproduce, so there is genetic variety |
| Bacterial Conjugation | when 2 bacteria exchange DNA to reproduce with mutations |
| Fertilization | each parent contributes half of their genetic information to reproduce |
| Growth | an increase in size, anabolism > catabolism |
| Development | change in structure |
| Life Span | stages characterized by different aspects of growth and development |
| Irritability | the ability to react to their environment |
| Stimulus | anything you react to |
| Response | your reaction to a stimulus |
| Homeostasis | stable internal environment |
| Variations | changes in genetic makeup |
| Adaptations | changes that make one more suited to the environment |
| Evolution | when changes occur over a long period of time making organisms better suited to their environment |
| Biodiversity | the variety of life forms produced as organisms adapt to different habitats or niches |
| Habitat | a place that provides an organism with all its needs |
| Niche | a particular place in a habitat or the "role" an organism plays in its habitat |
| Fields of Biology | specialized categories of study dealing with specific biological disciplines |
| Genomics | study of an organism's genome |
| What are the characteristics of life? | protoplasm; cells; utilize energy; reproduction; growth and development; react to environment; variations and adaptations; |
Created by:
Akosssua
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