Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Chapter 5
Membranes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The 2 primary structural components of membranes | Phospholipids and proteins |
| Phospholipid bilayer | the framework of the membrane, amphiapathic |
| Phospholipid "head" | hydrophilic and faces outward |
| Phospholipid "tail" | hydrophoobic and is on the inside of the phospholipid bilayer |
| Fluid-mosaic model | describes the membrane as a mosaic of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Extracellular leaflet of the phospholipid bilayer | the half facing the outside of the cell and where glycolipids are found |
| transmembrane proteins | span both leaflets on the membranes |
| Peripheral membrane proteins | bonded covalently to amino acids |
| integral proteins examples | transmembrane and lipid anchored proteins |
| How does the length of non polar tails affect the phospholipid bilayer | Shorter tails make it more fluid |
| How does the presence of double bonds affect the phospholipid bilayer | Double bonds makes it more fluid |
| How does the presence of cholesterol affect the phospholipid bilayer | Stabilizes, When its colder the more stable the cells are, but when its warmer the cells will move |
| plasma membrane characteristics | selectively permeable |
| 3 general ways of transport | simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport |
| simple diffusion | movement of a solute down a gradient, High concentration to low concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | movement down a gradient with the help of a transport protein, High concentration to low concentration |
| Active transport | movement up a gradient with the help of a transport protein and energy (low concentration to high concentration |
| small molecules diffuse ______ than larger molecules | faster |
| polar molecules diffuse _____ than non polar molecules | slower |
| Non charged molecules diffuse ______ than charged | faster |
| Transmembrane gradient | is when the concentration of a solute is high on one side of a membrane than the other |
| electrochemical gradient | is a dual gradient with both electrical and chemical components |
| What happens when the surroundings of the membrane is isotonic | theres a same solute concentration inside and outside cell |
| What happens when the surroundings of the membrane is Hypertonic | theres more solutes outside the cell |
| What happens when the surroundings of the membrane is hypotonic | theres less solutes outside the cell |
| The relationship between solutes and water | More solutes = less free water, Less solutes= More free water |
| osmosis | is the movement of water across membranes to balance solute concentrations |
| When water moves high to low concentration | osmosis |
| transport proteins | are transmembrane proteins that provide passage for the movement of ions and hydrophilic molecules across membranes |
| Channels in membrane transport | provide an open passage way that facilitates diffusion of polar molecules or ions |
| regulatory signals | opens and closes channels |
| Transporters | Carriers that bind solutes for transport |
| Uniporter transporter | a single solute moves in one direction |
| symporter transporter | two solutes moves in the same direction |
| antiporter transporter | two solutes moves in opposite directions |
| Active transporter | the movement of a solute against its gradient |
| primary active transport | uses energy from ATP to transport |
| secondary active transport | Uses pre-existing energy to transport |
| Na+/K+ -ATPase | an antiporter that actively transports Na+ and K+ against their gradients using the energy from ATP hydrolysis |
| __ Na+ are exported for every __ K+ imported into a cell | 3, 2 |
| Cells invest up to ____ of energy into ion pumping | 70% |
| intercellular channels | direct movement of substance between adjacent cells |
| Gap junctions connects ______ | Animal cells |
| Plasmodesmata connects ______ | plant cells |
| gap junctions | a cluster of many connexons and provides passage of ions and small molecules |
| Connexons | made of connexins that align into a channel |
| Connexins | 6 membrane proteins that assemble connexons |
| desmotubule | connects the smooth ER membranes membranes of adjacent cells |
| endocytosis | the movement of large materials into the cell |
| Exocytosis | the movement of large materials out of the cell |
| Exocytosis functions | secretion of hormones (insulin), secretion of enzymes |
| Endocytosis functions | uptake of vital nutrients (lipids), forming of root nodules, destroying bacteria (phagocytosis) |
| receptor -mediated endocytosis | uses receptor proteins to bring in specific cargo |
| Pinocytosis | brings fluid, good for cells to sample |
| Phagocytosis | involves bringing of large particles like bacteria cells |
| Anchoring junctions | link cells to each other or to the ECM |
| Cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) examples | Cadherins and integrins |
| Cadherins characteristics | links cells to cells |
| integrins characterisitics | links cells to ECM |
| Adherens junctions Connects what? Uses which CAM? Binds what? | connects cell to cell Uses cadherins bind to actin filaments |
| Desmosomes Connects what? Uses which CAM? Binds what? | Connects cell to cell Uses cadherins binds to intermediate filaments |
| Hemidesmosomes Connects what? Uses which CAM? Binds what? | connects cell to ECM Uses integrins Binds intermediate filaments |
| Focal adhesions Connects what? Uses which CAM? Binds what? | Connects cell to ECM Uses integrins Binds Actin filaments |
| tight junctions | form a tight seal between cells and prevent leakage |
Created by:
BananaBread12
Popular Biology sets