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Honors Bio Ch7, Pt 1
Cell Structure and Function
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cell | Basic unit of life |
Mitochondria | CyPowerhouses of the cell; they produce ATP |
Chloroplast | Plant organelle that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose |
Ribosome | Small cellular structure that makes proteins |
Vacuole | Storage organelle |
Nucleus | Large organelle that has a double membrane and stores genetic information in the form of DNA |
Cytoplasm | Jelly-like portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
Endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system involved in protein or lipid synthesis |
Cell wall | Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane found in plants, fungi and some prokaryotes |
Golgi body | Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER |
Cytoskeleton | Network of protein filaments that gives eukaryotic cells shape and internal organization |
Eukaryote | Organism made up of one or more cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
Prokaryote | Unicellular organism with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles |
Centriole | Hollow bundle of microtubules involved in organizing animal cell division |
Lysosome | Organelle filled with enzymes that breaks down food or worn-out materials |
Plasma membrane | Phospholipid bilayer that makes a flexible barrier between the cell and its surroundings |