Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

1610 Ch. 12 Terms

1610 Biology: Ch. 12 Terms

QuestionAnswer
pyramidines Nitrogenous bases, each composed of a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms, e.g., thymine, cytosine, and uracil; components of nucleic acids.
cytosine A nitrogenous pyrimidine base that is a component of nucleic acids.
Chargaff's rule A relationship in DNA molecules based on nucleotide composition data; the number of adenines equals the number of thymines, and the number of guanines equals the number of cytosines.
complementary DNA DNA synthesized by reverse transcriptase, using RNA as a template.
helicases Enzymes that unwind the two strands of DNA double helix.
RNA primer The sequence of about five RNA nucleotides that are synthesized during DNA replication to provide a 3' end to which DNA polymerase adds nucleotides.
leading strand Strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously.
telomeres The protective end caps of chromosomes that consist of short, simple, noncoding DNA sequences that repeat many times.
nucleotide A molecule consisting of one or more phosphate groups, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.
adenine A nitrogenous purine base that is a component of nucleic acid.
phosphodiester linkage Covalent linkage between two nucleotides in a strand of DNA or RNA; includes a phosphate group bonded to sugars of two adjacent nucleotides.
X-ray diffraction A technique for determining the spatial arrangment of the components of a crystal.
DNA replication The process by which DNA is duplicated; ordinarily a semiconservative process in which a double helix gives rise to two double helices, each with an "old" strand and a newly synthesized strand.
lagging strand A strand of DNA that is synthesized as a series of short segments, called Okazaki fragments, which are then covalently joined by DNA ligase.
telomerase A special DNA replication enzyme that can lengthen telomeric DNA by adding repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes; typically present in cells that divide an unlimited number of times.
deoxyribose Pentose sugar lacking a hydroxyl (-OH) group on carbon -2'; a constituent of DNA.
guanine A nitrogenous purine base that is a component of nucleic acids and GTP.
double helix The structure of DNA, which consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains twisted around each other.
topoisomerases Enzymes that relieve twists and kinks in a DNA molecule by breaking and rejoining the strands.
origin of replication A specific site on the DNA where replication begins.
Okazaki fragment One of many short segments of DNA, each 100 to 1000 nucleotides long, that must be joined by DNA ligase to form the lagging strand in DNA replication.
apoptosis Programmed cell death; a normal part of an organism's development and maintenance.
purines Nitrogenous base with carbon and nitrogen atoms in two attached rings, e.g., adenine and guanine; components of nucleic acids, ATP, GTP, NAD+, and certain other biologically active substances.
thymine A nitrogenous pyrimidine base found in DNA.
antiparallel Said of a double-stranded nucleic acid in which the 5' to 3' direction of the sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand is reversed in the other strand.
mutation Any change in DNA; may include a change in the nucleotide base pairs of a gene, a rearrangement of genes within the chromosomes so that their interactions produce different effects, or a change in the chromosomes themselves.
DNA polymerases Family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA from a DNA template by adding nucleotides to a growing 3' end.
replication fork Y-shaped structure produced during the semiconservative replication of DNA.
DNA ligase Enzyme that catalyzes the joining of the 5' and 4' ends of two DNA fragments; essential in DNA replication and used in recombinant DNA technology.
Created by: Grace Perry
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards