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Ch. 26

BIO 112

TermDefinition
symplesiomorphies "ancestral" trait shared by species (everything on a phylogenetic tree most likely has a certain specific trait)
synapomorphies "derived" (evolved) traits shared by species
paraphyletic group that includes ancestor and some but not all of the descendants
polyphyletic only descendants (some or all)
principle of parsimony the simplest answer is likely the correct answer
monophyletic group that includes ancestor and all descendants
taxonomy the science of describing, classifying, and naming extant species
systematics study of evolutionary relationships among species
cladogram a tree formed used the cladistic method
phylogeny a tree formed using the phylogenetic method
polytomy uncertainty in branching patterns in a cladogram of phylogeny
monophyletic group an ancestor and all of its descendants
paraphyletic group ancestor and some of its descendants
polyphyletic group descendants of more than one ancestor
convergent evolution similarity among relatively unrelated species due to similar selection pressures, not common ancestry
reversal a reversion from a derived trait to the ancestral version
parallel evolution development of similar specializations in closely related species that were absent in the ancestor
Created by: cshockey
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