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biochemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbohydrates | contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1 :2 : 1 ratio |
| enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing by reducing activation energy |
| amino acid | monomer of protein |
| cellulose | polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls |
| glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. |
| glucose | A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. |
| monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. |
| polysaccharide | large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
| starch | storage form of glucose in plants |
| protein | made of the elements C, H, O, N |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids that makes proteins |
| R group | used to represent one of 20 possible side chains found in amino acids of living systems |
| dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction that makes polymers |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction that creates monomers |
| activation energy | Energy needed to get a reaction started |
| lipids | Energy-rich organic compounds that consist of long chains of hydrogen and carbon |
| saturated fatty acids | a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized |
| unsaturated fatty acids | long- chain of hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds |
| triglyceride | a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| polar molecule | a molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive |
| nonpolar | No partial charges. Do not mix with water. |
| DNA | A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. |
| RNA | nucleic acid that makes ribosomes |
| cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance, creates surface tension |
| adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| high heat capacity or high specific heat | A property of water. Water resists heating and cooling |
| density of water | Solid water is less dense than liquid water due to the shape of the water molecule and hydrogen bonding |
| evaporative cooling | As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools |
| capillarity | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid |
| good solvent | many molecules dissolve in water |
| element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| molecule | A group of atoms bonded together |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| proton | positively charged particle |
| neutron | A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between water molecules |
| monomer | 1 subunit |
| polymer | many monomers bonded together |
| organic | molecules that contain carbon |
| inorganic | non-carbon based molecules |
| macromolecule | large polymer |
| active site | the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| peptide bond | Bonds that connect amino acids. |
Created by:
mccandlessj
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