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Apologia Bio Mod 13
Apologia Biology Module 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vertebrae | segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone |
| Notochord | a rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support |
| Endoskeleton | a skeleton on the inside of creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage |
| Bone Marrow | a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells |
| Axial skeleton | The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk |
| appendicular skeleton | the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skelton and has the limbs attached to it |
| closed circulatory system | a circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry the blood away from the heart |
| capillaries | tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| olfactory lobes | the lobes of the brain that receive signals from teh receptors in the nose |
| cerebrum | the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's respons to that information |
| optic lobes | the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes |
| cerebellum | the lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement |
| medulla oblongata | the lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord |
| internal fertilization | the process by which the male places sperm inside the female's body, where the eggs are fertilized |
| external fertilization | the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside the female |
| oviparous development | development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body |
| ovoviviparous development | development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body |
| viviparous development | development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta |
| anadromous | a life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce. |
| bile | a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat |
| atrium | a heart chamber that receives blood |
| ventricle | a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out |
| ectothermic | lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat |
| hibernation | a state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures |
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