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Bio103
Unit 1: A View of Life
| What are the 5 forces that give life its unique characteristics? | 1. biological systems interacting 2. structure and function are inter-related 3. information must be transferred 4. life depends on continuous input and transfer of energy 5. populations change over time through the process of evolution |
| 5 forces: How do biological systems interact? | Every organism is a biological system that is interdependent with many other biological systems |
| 5 forces: How is structure and function inter-related? | Example: Horses and wolves both have teeth, but a horse's teeth are designed to grind vegetation, whereas a wolf's teeth are designed to tear meat |
| 5 forces: How is information transferred? | must be transmitted within cells, among cells, among organisms, and from one generation to the next |
| 5 forces: How does evolution explain how populations change over time through the process of evolution? | Evolution explains how the ancestry of organisms can be traced back to earlier forms of life |
| What are the characteristics of life that includes ALL organisms? | 1. are composed of cells 2. grow and develop 3. regulate their metabolic processes 4. respond to stimuli 5. reproduce 6. adapt to the environment |
| Organisms can be: | unicellular or multicellular |
| What is a unicellular organism? | a life form which consists of a single cell |
| What is a multicellular organism? | organisms which depend on coordinated functions of cells organized to form tissues, organs, and organ systems |
| DNA | a special molecule that contains the genetic material/instructions and transmits genetic information |
| Genes | the units of hereditary material |
| What is the difference between DNA and genes? | DNA is responsible for building and maintaining your human structure. Genes are segments of your DNA, which give you physical characteristics that make you unique |
| What are the two major cell types? | Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
| Prokaryotic cells | does NOT have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, exclusive to bacteria and archaea |
| Eukaryotic cells | HAS a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles and also houses DNA |
| What do living things increase to grow? / living things grow by increasing: | 1. size of cells 2. number of cells or both |
| Development | All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical activities that occur within an organism, including: - chemical reactions essential to nutrition - growth and repair - conversion of energy |
| Homeostasis | describes the tendency of organisms to maintain an appropriate, balanced internal environment |
| Stimuli | a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment that cause movement |
| What do plants respond to? | 1. light 2. gravity 3. water 4. touch and other stimuli |
| What is an example of plants responding to stimuli? | a venus fly trap |
| What are 1 of the 2 ways living things can reproduce? | asexual or sexual |
| asexual production | Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself, occurs only by mutations |
| sexual production | the reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, or the fusion of egg and sperm |
| Adaptions | Inherited characteristics that enhance the ability to survival in a particular environment |
| What are the inherited characteristics for adaptions? | 1. structural 2. physiological 3. biochemical 4. behavioral or a combination of all 4 |
| What is the difference between adaptations and evolution? | Evolution is a change in characteristics from one generation to the next. Adaptation is the inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival. |
| Atom | the smallest unit of an element that retains the characteristic properties of that element |
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| What is the order starting with cells? | 1. cells 2. tissues 3. organs 4. organ system |
| Population | all the members of one species in the same geographic area |
| Biosphere | all of the Earth's ecosystems together |
| Ecology | The study of how organisms relate with each other and their physical environment |
| What molecules make up genes? | DNA |
| nucleotides | strands of DNA that make up 4 types of individual chemical subunits and transmit genetic information from generation to generation |
| proteins | large molecules important in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues |
| How can organisms communicate with one another? | 1. sound 2. emitting chemicals (pheromones) 3. by visual displays |
| What are the 3 major categories of organisms? | 1. producers 2. consumers 3. decomposers |
| What is the name of the organism that produces their own food? | Autotrophs (or producers) |
| What do fungi and bacteria break down? | all non-living organic material |
| Photosynthesis | a chemical process that utilizes carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to synthesize glucose |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide + water + light energy --> glucose + oxygen |
| cellular respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| What is the equation for cellular respiration? | glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy |
Created by:
lacim05
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