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LIFESCIENCEUNIT3

QuestionAnswer
What does the gene C stand for? Cytosine
What does the gene G stand for? Guanine
What does the gene T stand for? Thymine
What does the gene A stand for? Adenine
Which genes can make base pairs? Adenine and Thymine, and Guanine and Cytosine respectively
RNA Ribonucleic acid: translates instructions to make proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; RNA has uracil instead of thymine
mRNA Messenger RNA; creates the amino acid code; leaves the nucleus and moves to the ribosomes
tRNA Transfer RNA: translates the mRNA and brings amino acids to make the protein
rRNA Ribosomal RNA: connects amino acids to make proteins
Topoisomerase 'Unwinds' the highly coiled DNA molecule
Helicase Helps unzip the DNA into single strands
Primase Lays down short strands of RNA; the nitrogen bases in the strands are complementary to the DNA
DNA Polymerase Synthesizes new DNA strands
Ligase Glues the strands together
Substitution Genetic Mutation Occurs when one nucleotide base replaces another in a DNA sequence
Deletion Genetic Mutation Occurs when part of a chromosome or a portion of the gene is deleted; a portion or the entire thing may be deleted
Duplication Genetic Mutation Occurs when a section of the DNA copies itself, resulting in two copies of the section
Insertion Genetic Mutation Occurs when a new nitrogen base is added into an existing gene
Inversion Genetic Mutation Occurs when a piece of the chromosome breaks off and is reinserted, but in the reverse direction to the way it was in
Translocation Genetic Mutation When DNA regions from two different chromosome locations get swapped
Structural Adaptation Physical characteristics or changes that help an organism survive in its environment
Behavioral Adaptation Ways that an organism behaves in order to increase its chances of survival and reproduction
Functional Adaptation Process within an organism's body that help the organism perform useful functions and survive
Created by: MagnusCarlsen
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