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LIFESCIENCEUNIT2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | A type of cell division in which the daughter cells end up with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| Interphase | The cell readies itself for division and undergoes rapid growth; consists of three stages: G1, S, and G2 |
| G1 Stage | The cell grows larger and performs normal functions; it produces the enzymes necessary for the duplication of DNA |
| S Stage | The cell starts creating a copy of its DNA; it still continues to grow |
| G2 Stage | The parent cell makes copies of all its organelles so that when the cell divides, the daughter cells have everything they need to survive |
| Prophase | The DNA replicated in the S stage takes the form of chromosomes |
| Metaphase | The chromosomes made in prophase align in the middle of the cell; the phase is very short |
| Anaphase | The chromosomes separate; spindle fibers pull at the chromatids (like the arms of the chromosomes); each half of the chromatids goes to each daughter cell; the cell grows in length |
| Telophase | Nuclear membrane forms around separated chromatids; chromosomes form chromatin fibers; the spindle fibers disappear, and the nuclei of the daughter cells start to develop; the cell membrane starts to pinch inward at the middle of the cell |
| Cytokinesis- The last phase in mitosis | The membrane that covers the cell membrane and the cytoplasm divides in two; in animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches down in the middle and creates two new cells; in plant cells, a new cell wall is formed in the middle of the parent cell |
| Binary Fission | A type of asexual reproduction found in bacteria, other prokaryotes, and some eukaryotes |
| Budding and Regeneration | Budding is when another organism buds and grows off of an existing organism; some organisms can reproduce by regenerating off of broken limbs |
| Meiosis | A type of cell division in which the daughter cells end up with half the total number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| Meiosis 1 | Germ cells go through a preparatory phase similar to interphase in mitosis; in this phase, the cells grow and copy their chromosomes |
| Prophase 1 | The copied chromosomes condense; chromosomes with the same genes in the same order are homologous and they come together to form pairs; the nuclear membrane disappears |
| Metaphase 1 | The homologous chromosomes attach themselves to the spindle fibers and line up in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase 1 | The homologous chromosome pairs separate; the spindle fibers drag them to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase 1 | The nuclear membrane forms around the newly duplicated chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis 1 | The process does its job and splits the cell in two, but the sister chromatids stay together |
| Meiosis 2 | The cells separated in meiosis 1 undergo a second duplication |
| Prophase 2 | The replicated chromosomes remain condensed as sister chromatids; The nuclear membrane breaks down |
| Metaphase 2 | Sister chromatids align in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase 2 | Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids toward the opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase 2 | A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids, which are now chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis 2 | Duplication takes place once again forming 4 haploid cells |
Created by:
MagnusCarlsen
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