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Biology2
Biology1 chapter2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | basic unit of matter |
| Nucleus | the center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons in cells,structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA |
| electron | negatively charged particle;located in the space surrounding the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotope | one several forms of a single element,which a contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. |
| ionic bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge. |
| covalent bond | type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared. |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound |
| van der waals forces | slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and non dissolved material |
| pH scale | scale with values from 0 to 14 , used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic , a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution less than 7 (44) |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; with a pH of more than 7 (44) |
| buffer | compounds that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH (44) |
| monomer | small chemical units that makes up a polymer |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body (46,869) |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar molecule |
| lipid | macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. |
| reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme -catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
giddings
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