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501 DNA Structure

TermDefinition
Nucleic acids - one of the four macromolecules composed of nucleotides DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids
Nucleotides - Basic units of nucleic acids Composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
DNA nucleotides - There are four They are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
DNA - a nucleic acid stores genetic information
genetic information - instructions for how to build proteins
3' - said "three prime" refers to the end of the DNA strand with an -OH group
5' - said "five prime" refers to the end of the DNA strand with a phosphate group
Adenine - a nucleotide a purine nucleotide pairs with thymine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine
Thymine - a nucleotide a pyrimidine nucleotide pairs with adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine
Cytosine - a nucleotide a pyrimidine nucleotide pairs with guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine
Guanine - a nucleotide a purine nucleotide pairs with cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine
Pyrimidines - the smaller nucleotides have one ring structure thymine and cytosine
Purines - the bigger nucleotides have two ring structures adenine and guanine
the "rungs of the ladder" of a DNA molecule - the nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides bonded to each other
the "backbone" of a DNA strand - composed of the sugar and phosphate of the nucleotides the nitrogenous bases stick out from this "backbone" like ribs
base pairing - A only pairs with T C only pairs with G
Created by: Mr. Ford
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