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409 Digestive Sys

TermDefinition
function of the digestive system - breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
major structures of the digestive system in order - oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
digestion - Breaking down food food must be broken down so that nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Enzymes - Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the digestive system, they help break down food
monomers - macromolecules are broken down into their monomers during digestion example: carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides
polymers - large compound formed from combinations of many monomers the four macromolecules are examples
breaking molecules down - catabolism hydrolysis occur during digestion
digestion of carbohydrates - begins in the mouth
digestion of proteins - begins in the stomach
digestion of lipids - begins in the small intestine
mechanical digestion - Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces examples: teeth chewing, stomach churning
chemical digestion - breaking down food with enzymes example: amylase in saliva breaking down carbohydrates
pharynx - throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
esophagus - A muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
stomach - large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food highly acidic secretes pepsin, which breaks down proteins
small intestine - chemical digestion continues here absorption of nutrients begins here
villi - Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine they are filled with capillaries they absorb nutrients into the blood
large intestine - Absorbs water and forms feces
rectum - the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.
amylase - Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in carbohydrates
protease - enzyme that breaks down proteins
lipase - enzyme that breaks down fat
pancreas and liver - food does not pass through them however, they secrete substances into the small intestine that aid in digestion
bile - A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
Created by: Mr. Ford
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