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402 Thermoregulation

TermDefinition
Thermo- - heat
Thermoregulation - Process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range Both ectotherms and endotherms must thermoregulate
Ectotherm - An animals that warms itself mainly by absorbing heat from its surroundings Ex: reptiles
Endotherm - An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process Ex: birds and mammals
Four methods of heat exchange - conduction, radiation, convection, evaporation
Conduction - transfer of heat from one object to another when those objects are in physical contact Ex: the sensation of a cold door knob is the conducting from your hand into the doorknob
Radiation - emission of electromagnetic waves sunlight is electromagnetic radiation Exposure to sunlight increases an organism's body temperature This can help organisms stay warm It can also cause an organism to need cooling mechanisms
Convection - The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid As air around you is warmed by your body, it is constantly convecting away and being replaced by cooler air
Fluid - A substance that flows Includes both liquids and gases
Evaporation - The change of a substance from a liquid phase to a gas phase Such phase changes absorb heat So, when water evaporates off a living thing, the water vapor carries heat away Ex: sweating, a dog panting
metabolic heat production - heat production via cellular respiration causes you to warm up when you exercise or shiver
insulation - A substance that reduces the transfer of thermal energy consist of fat, fur, and feathers
thermal energy - heat
vasoconstriction - narrowing of blood vessels Helps reduce heat loss
vasodilation - widening of blood vessels helps increase heat loss
examples of animal behaviors that control body temperature - a lizard warming in the sun a desert lizard burrowing to keep cool elephants spraying themselves with water that will evaporate and carry away heat human wearing a coat to keep warm
Counter-current heat exchanger - An adaptation in which arteries and veins are next to each other and as warm blood travels in arteries, it warms the cool blood in the veins Ex: Penguins
Created by: Mr. Ford
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