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Chapter 1 Vocab

Chemical, Cellular and Evolutionary Foundations

QuestionAnswer
Eukaryotes Organisms that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (plants, "protists, fungus, animals)
Prokaryotes Organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles (chloroplast or mitochondria); the two domains within this group are NOT closely related to each other.
Cell membrane Separates the living material of the cell from the non-living environment that surrounds it.
Nucleus Membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's DNA.
Bacteria A domain of life; the earliest lineage of life; no nucleus
Archaea A domain of life; more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria; no nucleus; tend to be thought of as extremophiles (lovers of extreme environments) but they are being discovered everywhere now.
Eukarya A domain of life; more closely related to Archaea than bacteria; contain a nucleus.
Cell simplest entity that can exist as an independent unit of life
Cytoplasm The space outside the nucleus (if there is one) inside the cell.
Translation Translating the nucleotides of mRNA into amino acids (protein)
Transcription Making a copy of the DNA into mRNA (messenger RNA)
Central Dogma of Life DNA (blueprint)--> mRNA (copy) --> Protein (what does the work in the body)
Ribonucleic Acid RNA; single-stranded; made up of nucleotides (A, U, G, C)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA; double-stranded; made up of nucleotides (A, T, C, G)
Protein Made up of amino acids; many functions.
Mutation A change in the sequence of DNA
Adenosine triphosphate ATP; a molecule that provides readily accessible chemical energy for reactions in the cell to occur
DNA replication The process by which genetic information is copied to put into a new cell.
Gene A specific sequence of DNA that will be transcribed and translated into a protein (that can go and do work in the cell)
Created by: ShyKiera
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