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BIO 1B1
macromolecules
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Carbohydrate Elements | CHO 1:2:1 |
Carbohydrate Monomer | monosaccharides (glucose) |
Carbohydrate Polymer | disaccharides and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin) |
Lipid Elements | CH(O) |
Lipid Monomer | fatty acid |
Lipid Polymer | fat, phospholipids, steroid, wax |
Protein Elements | CHON |
Protein Monomer | amino acid |
Protein Polymer | polypeptide |
Nucleic Acid Elements | CHONP |
Nucleic Acid Monomer | nucleotide |
Nucleic Acid Polymer | DNA and RNA |
Carbohydrate - glucose | main energy source for cells; short-term energy |
Carbohydrate - starch | glucose storage for plants |
Carbohydrate - glycogen | glucose storage for animals |
Carbohydrate - cellulose | structure for plant cell walls |
Carbohydrate - chitin | structure for fungi and insect exoskeletons |
Lipid - fat | long-term energy storage; insulation; protection |
Lipid - phospholipid | cell membrane component |
Lipid - steroid | hormones |
Lipid - wax | waterproof covering |
Protein - muscle/skin/bones/feathers | structure |
Protein - receptors/hormones | chemical messengers |
Protein - antibodies | protect against diseases |
Protein - transport | used to move things in and around the cell |
Protein - enzymes | speed up reactions |
Nucleic Acid - DNA | forms genes; genetic code; provides instructions |
Nucleic Acid - RNA | protein synthesis |