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vaariatiion & epigen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genome | the complete set of genetic information of an organism Humans 20,000-25,000 genes = 6 billion nucleotides |
| Genotype | genetic constitution |
| Phenotype | the physical characteristics, determined by genetic constitution Your phenotype is influenced by your genotype and environment factors that impact gene expression |
| Gene expression | the process of copying information from DNA, into RNA (transcribe) & then translate the message into a series of amino acids to form proteins The process where information is the gene is used to make specific product |
| All cells have ~20,000 genes, not all are always needed | Genes need to be regulated A gene being used to make mRNA - switched on A gene not being used to make mRNA - switched off Only certain genes are transcribed in each cell duee too cell’s type & activity |
| Other factors determine whether a gene is being express | Age of cell Time of day Environment of cell Signals from other cells Dividing or not epigenetic factors |
| Variation | the difference between individual members of a species |
| Source of variation | Inheritance - dna, genes Environmental factors - UV exposure, radiation Gene expression - switched on or off |
| Epigenetics | altering expression of a gene without changing the gene structure (dna is unaltered) Factors that make genes more or less likely to be expressed |
| Histone modification (acetylation) defiinittion | addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein so that gne expression is enhanced The addition of an acetyl group (CH3CO) to the histone protein makes it more likely that the gene will be expressed - switched on |
| acetylatioon - effect what doo | During acetylationn the DNA becoomes less tightly wound around histone, relaxing chromatin This exposes certain genes, allowing them to be transcribed by RNA polymerase (loosen the paper towel roll) |
| DNA modification (methylation) | addition of a methyl group to dna molecule that results in inhibition of gene expression Adding methyl group (CH3) to dna molecule, specifically the cytosine Methylation inhibts gene expression - switches off |
| DNA modification (methylation) - effect what doo | Usually occurs at thee sites where cytosine is adjacent to guanine - called CpG site - phosphorus - the dna becomes more tighly wound This blockes certain genes, not allowing them to be transcribed by RNA polymerase (tighten paper towel roll) |
Created by:
procrast
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