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Protein synthesis

QuestionAnswer
Protein synthesis the process which individual amino are connected to each other in a specific order dedicated by the nucleotide sequence in dna Protein synthesis involves the processes of transcription and translation
Transcription DNA → mRNA) The process by which the genetic information encoded in the DNA is copied to form messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules Genetic information is transcribed from dna to mrna transcription occurs in nucleus of cell & involves 3 basic phases
3 basic phases transcript Initiation (beginning of the process) Elongation (making mRNA) Termination (end of process)
Initiation (beginning of the process) transcript Gene-activating chemicals called transcription factors sttimulatee the histtones at the geene site to loosen Transcription factors (chemcials) bind to the sequence of the dna just before the gene Rna polymerase bind to this region of the DNA
Elongation (making mRNA) 1 2 transcript *** helicase polymerase breaks hydrogren bonds Rna polymerase moves along the template strand joining together free RNA nucleeotides complementary to the dna templase
Termination (end of process) transcript Rna polymerase detaches froom dna when it reaches the end sequence of the gene The mrna that has been transcribed travels out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm of the cell
two strands coding & template rna polymerase moves along template strand
dna mrna compleement On dna c g t a On mrna g c a u (not t)
Elongation (making mRNA) 4 5 transcript As the rna polymerase moves along the dna strand, it unwinds more dna & elongattes the mRNA in the 5’ and 3’ direction Behind it the dna reforms the double helix
Translation def mRNA → polypeptide chain ( protein) the process by which the coded sequence of mRNA molecules specifies the sequence of amino acids to form polypeptide chains
translation facts Protein synthesized from information in mRNA Occurs at the ribosomes (either on E.R. or suspended in the cytoplasm) Each step of translation requires ATP & enzymes Involves 3 basic phases
3 phases translate Initiation (beginning of the process) Elongation (synthesizing the polypeptide chains - joining amino acids together) Termination
Initiation (beginning of the process) translate A small ribosomal subunit binds to a special initiator - tRNA & the mRNA The tRNA is placed at the AUUG coden/start codon of mRNA. This is where translation begins
Elongation translate ribosome move 5' to 3' adding amino acid via trna loops have nit bases (antticodon) say amino acid type peptide bond foorm (atp) tRNA get more amino acid. continue till stop
Termination translate Once the ‘stop’ codon is reached, the translation of mRNA is finished The completed polypeptide chain is released from the mRNA/ribosome complex, which breaks apart
vesicles Vesicles formed at the rough er transport the proteins from ribosomes to the golgi apparatus, where they are packaged into new vesicles The vesicles migrate to the membrane & release their prooein to the outside of the cell
translatee initiate ribosomes When the tRNA’s UAC anticodon recognizes & binds to the start codon of mRNA a large ribosomal subunit unites with the small one forming a functional ribosome
Created by: procrast
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