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Chitin cell walls are characteristics of which taxonomic group?
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following?
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Final micro 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chitin cell walls are characteristics of which taxonomic group? | fungi |
| Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following? | prion |
| The human microbiome consists of which of the following? | all microbes present on or in the body |
| Chickpox can reemerge as which disease? | shingles |
| Sporulation in bacteria generally occurs under which of the following circumstances? | when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients |
| Which of the following cannot be classified as either gram positive or gram negative on the basis of the gram staining protocol? | Mycobacteria |
| In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? | provirus |
| Prokaryotes are classified into which domain(s)? | domains Archaea and Bacteria |
| Two species of bacteria live in near each other and use similar food resources. Which type of biological interaction does this describe? | a competitive interaction |
| The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following? | induction |
| Which of the following is NOT a typical difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? | Eukaryotic cells typically have circular chromosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells typically have linear chromosomes |
| All cells have which of the following? | cell membrane |
| Which of the following is NOT a difference between endospores and vegetative cells? | Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activity, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change |
| The bacterial chromosome located in which of the following? | the nucleoid region |
| A persistent infection is one in which? | the disease process occurs gradually over a long period |
| A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the? | presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane |
| Acid-fast bacteria will not stain with Gram's stain because it contains? | waxy mycolic acids |
| How do all virus's differ from bacteria? | virus's are not composed of cells |
| Approximately what percentage of prokaryotes are thought to be pathogens? | <1% |
| Cyanobacteria produce which of the following? | oxygen |
| Horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following? | the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one species to another, but not from parent to parent |
| Ringworm is caused by a(n)? | fungus |
| Which of the following is true of bacterial strains? | They are closely related subtypes within a bacterial species that may or may not have similar properties |
| Which of the following is not evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? | Chloroplasts and mitochondria have structures that resemble prokaryotic cell walls |
| Which of the following is a true statement? | Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to those found in prokaryotic cells |
| Which of the following is a source of vitamin K for humans? | Escherichia coli in their digestive tract produces vitamin K |
| Which of the following refers to the fact that viruses can only infect certain types of cells? | tissue tropism |
| Viruses that contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase are? | retroviruses |
| A mold that produces a chemical that kill bacteria without apparently benefiting is an example of? | Ammensalism |
| An infectious protein is a? | prion |
| Which of the following theories have been irrefutably disproven? | Spontaneous generation |
| Which of the following can never be found in a virus? | cytoplasm |
| Which of the following leads to death through cell lysis? | Virulent phage |
| We know that dog's can't catch the measles from their human companions. Apply your understanding of viruses to make an accurate claim as to why this is so? | the measles virus can't attach to dog's cells |
| A virus consists of? | RNA or DNA and a protein coat |
| Which of the following are true of prions? | They are a rogue form of protein, PrP |
| What is the correct order for how a virus makes more viruses through infecting a host cell? #1infect #2 release #3 attach #4 replicate | 3,1,4,2 |
| What groups listed below have true cell walls that contain peptidoglycan? | bacteria |
| When compared to a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell? | has DNA that is linear rather than circular, stores it's DNA in a nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm, has more type of organelles, derives energy from mitochondria, All the above |
| The definition of lysogeny is? | phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA |
| Which of the following is true of the genetics of viruses? | viruses can contain either DNA or RNA but not both |
| Mycotoxins are produced by which type of organism? | molds |
| In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? | prophage |
| Yeasts are which of the following? | unicellular fungi |
| Which best describes the function of cristae? | they increase the surface area for reactions associated with cellular respiration |
| Which of the following is true of ribosomes? | Organelle ribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s, whereas eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80s |
| In eukaryotic cells the function of the nucleolus is which of the following? | where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins |
| The lipopolysaccharide molecule is an important component of the cell membrane of which organism? | gram-negative bacteria |
| Sporulation in bacteria generally occurs under which of the following circumstances? | when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients |
| Which term refers to a curved rod? | vibrio |
| What best describes the class Halobacteria? | archaeans that require highly saline environments |
| Which genus contains the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in legume nodules? | Rhizobium |
| Which organism is best known as the “brain-eating amoeba”? | Naegleria fowleri |
| Which fungus is common in the microbiota of a healthy individual? | Candida albicans |
| During DNA replication, the lagging strand is formed from which of the following? | Okazaki fragments |
| Telomerase in humans is generally active in which cells? | in stem cells and germ cells |
| Which describes a stable change in gene expression without changing the base sequence? | epigenetics |
| Which is the location of electron transports systems in prokaryotes? | the cytoplasmic membrane |
| When the ribosome reaches a nonsense codon, which of the following occurs? | the polypeptide is released |
| Which is a common type of secondary structure of proteins? | the α helix |
| Which molecule typically serves as the final electron acceptor during fermentation? | pyruvate |
| Which of the following best describes catabolic pathways? | They break down large molecules into smaller components. |
| Which of the following conditions would prevent a cell from respiring aerobically? | cell lacks a sufficient amount of any appropriate, inorganic, final electron acceptor to carry out cellular respiration,cell lacks genes appropriate complexes&electron carriers in electron transport system,cell lacks genes to make one or more enzymes in K |
| Which of the following correctly explains why DNA replication is described as semiconservative? | Each daughter strand contains one old strand and one new strand. |
| Which of the following genes would not likely be encoded on a plasmid? | gene encoding enzymes for glycolysis |
| Which of the following is a hazard in gene therapy? | can trigger a unanticipated inflammatory response from the immune system,virus vector may infect cells not targeted for the therapy, damaging these cells and possibly leading to illnesses,the modified virus could revert to being infectious&cause disease |
| Which of the following is a palindrome sequence that could be recognized by a restriction enzyme? | 5′ – GAATTC – 3′ 3′ – CTTAAG – 5′ |
| Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation? | a deletion of a nucleotide |
| Which of the following is an important component of insect exoskeletons? | chitin |
| Which of the following is not an example of an organism’s phenotype? | the DNA sequence of a cellular genome |
| Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation? | to regenerate NAD+ |
| Which of the following refers to the uptake of naked DNA from the surrounding environment? | transformation |
| Which sequences of eukaryotic genes code for proteins? | exons |
| A cell might perform anaerobic respiration for which of the following reasons? | It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing electrons to oxygen. |
| What is the process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized using DNA as a template? | Transcription |
| A denatured protein has lost its? | secondary and tertiary structures |
| A cell might perform anaerobic respiration for which of the following reasons? | It lacks a cytochrome oxidase for passing electrons to oxygen. |
| The noncoding, repetitive sequences at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes are called which of the following? | telomeres |
| Which of the following is a true statement? | Epigenetic regulation occurs without a change in the base sequence. |
| Jumping genes are called? | transposons |
| Exposure to non-ionizing radiation causes? | thyamine dimers |
| According to the central dogma, which of the following represents the flow of genetic information in cells? | DNA to RNA to protein |
| Mature mRNA from a eukaryote would contain each of these features except which of the following? | intron-encoded RNA |
| Glycolysis produces a net gain of which of the following? | two ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvates |
| Why is the error rate for bacterial DNA replication very low? | DNA polymerase are capable of proofreading. |
| In establishing proton gradient for chemiosmotic ATP generation by aerobic respiration the terminal electron acceptor is? | oxygen |
| DNA does all but which of the following? | is read by ribosomes during the process of translation |
| Which type of RNA includes the anticodon and brings the amino acids to the site of protein synthesis? | tRNA |
| If a nucleic acid contains the bases A-U-G-G-C, it would have to be a molecule of? | RNA |
| Which of the following pathways consists of an energy investment and an energy payoff phase? | Glycolysis |
| The Krebs cycle is also called? | the citric acid cycle |
| Which enzymes help prevent supercoiling? | topoisomerases |
| ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation when which of the following occurs? | H+ moves through ATP synthase |
| DNA polymerase III adds DNA nucleotides in which of the following direction(s)? | in the 5′ to 3′ direction only |
| Which describes a stable change in gene expression without changing the base sequence? | epigenetics |
| Which disease has been effectively controlled by gene therapy? | cystic fibrosis |
| Which genus of bacterium is naturally competent? | Bacillus |
| Which group comprises all lithotrophs? | microbes |
| Which is the location of electron transports systems in prokaryotes? | the cytoplasmic membrane |
| Which of the following are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes? | cofactors |
| Which of the following best defines chemiosmosis? | the movement of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase |
| Which of the following best describes catabolic pathways? | They break down large molecules into smaller components. |
| Which of the following best describes glucose, fructose, and galactose? | structural isomers |
| Which of the following correctly describes events that occur during transcription? | RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. |
| Which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme? | a competitive inhibitor |
| Why does it matter which enantiomer of a molecule is used for a medication? | Enantiomers can have different pharmacologic effects and only one may be effective. |
| Which of the following is the name for molecules whose structures are nonsuperimposable mirror images? | enantiomers |
| Which of the following best describes a transition reaction? | a reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA with the release of carbon dioxide |
| Why is the error rate for bacterial DNA replication very low? | DNA polymerase is capable of proofreading. |
| The genetic code is NOT | semi-conservative |
| Which of the following is one important distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA? | Eukaryotic mRNA is generally monocistronic. |
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