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ch 10
Adaptive immunity/ third line of defense
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the third line of defense called | Adaptive immunity |
| Is adaptive immunity specific or non specific | specific |
| distribution of adaptive immunity | |
| The body’s ability to recognize and respond to specific pathogens and their products is called | adaptive immunity |
| What are the five attributes of the adaptive immune system | 1. specificity 2. inducibility 3. clonality 4. unresponsiveness 5.memory |
| Specificity | people have different antigens particular to what they come into contact with |
| Inducibility | When t or b lymphocytes come into contact with an epitope, it will binds and activate lymphocyte, or activates upon exposure to antigen |
| Clonality | proliferate into multiple clones of itself after activation, or process by which induced t or b cells proliferate to produce thousands of identical copies of itself |
| Unresponsiveness to self | ability to discern foreing versus resident cells and should not invoke immune cells on own cells |
| Memory | adaptive immune cells will be memory cells which are long-lasting and are specific to antigen, at first slow but eventually will become familiar when exposed to same pathogen |
| The adaptive i | |
| T cells | mediate cell mediated response, direct way of killing infected cells, cytotoxic t cells will locate infected normal cell that is harmed beyond repair and kill it. |
| B cell | initiate antibody mediated response, more passive response because it does not kill infected cells directly, instead it will secrete antibodies that will target and label cells for other cell to come and kill |
| Where to b cells mature | They are made in the bone marrow and mature in the bone marrow. they then are released into the blood |
| Where do t cells mature | They are made in the bone marrow and then mature in the thymus |
| Where is the thymus located | below the throat above the chest, here they are tested, selected for, and released into blood where they will migrate waiting for pathogen |
| What are the two types of adaptive immune responses | |
| Which type of lymphocyte facilitates | |
| What type of lymphocyte facilitates | |
| What are the five components of the human lymphatic system | 1. lymph vessels 2. lymph 3. lymphoid tissue 4. lymphoid cells 5. lymphoid organs |
| lymph vessels | carry lymph's and pick up lymph's from plasma in extracellular areas, transport into various tissues and organs, containing t and b cells waiting to attack pathogens in extracellular fluids |
| lymph | plasma fluid from edema is converted into lymph, whatever is released from blood plasma when it enters the extracellular area |
| lymphoid cells | t and b cells |
| lymphoid tissue | |
| lymphoid organs | primary and secondary lymphoid organs |
| primary lymphoid organ | where b and t cells mature in ex: bone marrow and thymus |
| secondary lymphoid organ | where mature t and b cells are primarily located. spleen tonsils lymph nodes, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue |
| what are the three types of lymphoid cells | |
| lymphoid organs are divided into the ___ lymphoid organs and the ___ lymphoid organs | |
| What are the two primary lymphoid organs | |
| What is the function of the first primary lymphoid organ | |
| What is the function of the secondary primary lymphoid organ | |
| What are the four secondary lymphoid organs and their basic function below | |
| Antigens | anything that invokes a lymphatic response may be b or t cell |
| antigenic | large foreign molecules that are diverse in structure |
| Molecules that are recognized by the cells of the adaptive immune system as foreign are called | |
| while the specific regions on these molecules that the cells of the adaptive immune system recognize, are complimentary to, and bind are called | epitope also known as (antigenic determinants |
| Stronger antigens | glycoproteins, glycolipids, phospholipids (mutated), multiple parts of antigens cause acrivation of b and t cells or epitopes |
| Weaker antigen | |
| What are the major examples of things that are antigenic to humans? | Bacterial capsules, peptidoglycan cells, fimbriae, pili, toxins, viral proteins, fungal cell walls and proteins, protozoan proteins and structures |
| the three types of antigens | exogenous, endogenous, and autoantigens`11 |
| exogenous antigens | originate outside the cell, include toxins from bacteria to protozoa and are phagocytized |
| endogenous | intracellular pathogens mostly viruses, are not phagocytized |
| autoantibodies | derived from normal cellular processes, our own antigens invoke an immune response although should not be activated, rare and result of autoimmune disorders |
| how are cells of the immune system differentiated? | based on type of cell surface proteins (autoantigen) they posses called cluster of differentiation |
| cluster of differentiation | serve as receptors or ligands, and have specific function ex CD4 and CD5 |
| proteins that function in recognizing cells as self and to hold position antigenic epitopes for presentation to immune cells are called? | major histocompatibility complex MHCI and MHCII. all cells have MHC I but |
| MHC I | located in nucleated cells, except for RBC and allow for self recognition, present epitopes of endogenous antigens on cell surface (ex: viruses, intracellular pathogen, releases epitopes) |
| MHC II | only found on cell surface of antigen presenting cells (macrophage mostly, dendritic cells second, and b cells least. MHC I are also present |
| The process by which MHC proteins are made into complexed and brought to the surface of cells of an APC so they can be recognized by a t cell receptor to initiate immune response | antigen processing and presentation |
| What are the three professional antigen presenting cells | |
| , draw a typical nucleated cell with the type(s) of MHC protein receptors it possesses and an antigen presenting cell with the type(s) of MHC protein receptors it possesses. | |
| endogenous antigen processing | |
| exogenous antigen processing | |
| What are cytokines | |
| What is the function of cytokines | are group of chemicals secreted by various types of cells but have prominent effect on other cell |
| what is the function of cytokines during adaptive immune response |
Created by:
Acrob89
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