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dna
dnna prtoeins and sh
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dna | Deoxyribonucleic acid - a molecule in the nucleus of a cell that determines the type of proteins a cell makes A chemical code that produces proteins i.e. Enzymes that determine the structure of cells & the way it functions |
| Nucleic acid | an organic storage molecule containing many nucleotides in a chain Dna ( + rna, atp/adp) are all types of nucleic acids |
| Nucleotides | the base unit (monomer) of all nucleic acids |
| found vague makeup | Found in both the nucleus & mitochondria Dna is made up of nucleotides |
| DNA monomer structure | A phosphate group A sugar nitrogenous bases |
| nitrogenous bases | Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) AT 2 hydrogen bonds CG 3 hydrogen bonds |
| nucleotide combined structure | form the basis of a ladder-like molecule sugar/phosphate - upright Joined base pairs - rungs That twist up to form a double helix structure 5' 3' (prime) |
| size & storage | 2-3 metres & width of only 2 millionths of a mm extremely long, so in order to store them in the nucleus, dna strands are tightly bound around special proteins |
| Histone | a special protein around which dna is tiightly coiled to form chromatin |
| Chromatin | a tangled network of dna & histones nondividing cell |
| Chromosome | structure which carries dna/ggne information in the form of genes |
| Chromatid | one of the 2 identical halves of a chromosome |
| Centromere | link between a pair of sister chromatids |
| Mitochondrial dna (mtDNA) | located in the mitochondria mtDNA is in the form of small circular molecules that are not bound to prooteeins ~5-10 molecules per mitochondria mtDNA has 37 genes essential for mitochondria to function normally |
| mDNA genes | 24 genes code for making of transfer RNA, involved in protein synthesis 13 genes have instruction food making enzymes, needed for cellular respiration (37) |
| The structure & function of each individual cell is depend on | the suite of proteins produced within it. Proteins provide the essential link between coded instructions in the DNA called the genotype and the functioning cell |
| Genotype | genetic constitution of an individual |
| Phenotype | the physical appearance of an individual as determined by their genetic constitution/ its protein expression |
| Gene | a section of a chromosome that codes for making a protein genes on a chromosome range from ~200-2000 genes |
| difference between 1 gene & the next | Order of bases along the DNA Number of bases in that section |
| gene code | order of the bases along the DNA strand (contains instructions) for the production of a specific protein. These proteins create the structure & perform the actions needed for the cells to survive, grow & function |
Created by:
procrast
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