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dna

dnna prtoeins and sh

QuestionAnswer
dna Deoxyribonucleic acid - a molecule in the nucleus of a cell that determines the type of proteins a cell makes A chemical code that produces proteins i.e. Enzymes that determine the structure of cells & the way it functions
Nucleic acid an organic storage molecule containing many nucleotides in a chain Dna ( + rna, atp/adp) are all types of nucleic acids
Nucleotides the base unit (monomer) of all nucleic acids
found vague makeup Found in both the nucleus & mitochondria Dna is made up of nucleotides
DNA monomer structure A phosphate group A sugar nitrogenous bases
nitrogenous bases Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) AT 2 hydrogen bonds CG 3 hydrogen bonds
nucleotide combined structure form the basis of a ladder-like molecule sugar/phosphate - upright Joined base pairs - rungs That twist up to form a double helix structure 5' 3' (prime)
size & storage 2-3 metres & width of only 2 millionths of a mm extremely long, so in order to store them in the nucleus, dna strands are tightly bound around special proteins
Histone a special protein around which dna is tiightly coiled to form chromatin
Chromatin a tangled network of dna & histones nondividing cell
Chromosome structure which carries dna/ggne information in the form of genes
Chromatid one of the 2 identical halves of a chromosome
Centromere link between a pair of sister chromatids
Mitochondrial dna (mtDNA) located in the mitochondria mtDNA is in the form of small circular molecules that are not bound to prooteeins ~5-10 molecules per mitochondria mtDNA has 37 genes essential for mitochondria to function normally
mDNA genes 24 genes code for making of transfer RNA, involved in protein synthesis 13 genes have instruction food making enzymes, needed for cellular respiration (37)
The structure & function of each individual cell is depend on the suite of proteins produced within it. Proteins provide the essential link between coded instructions in the DNA called the genotype and the functioning cell
Genotype genetic constitution of an individual
Phenotype the physical appearance of an individual as determined by their genetic constitution/ its protein expression
Gene a section of a chromosome that codes for making a protein genes on a chromosome range from ~200-2000 genes
difference between 1 gene & the next Order of bases along the DNA Number of bases in that section
gene code order of the bases along the DNA strand (contains instructions) for the production of a specific protein. These proteins create the structure & perform the actions needed for the cells to survive, grow & function
Created by: procrast
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