Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Soc Psych
Social Psychology for OT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is social psychology? | The scientific study of how individuals think, feel and behave with regard to other people & how individuals thoughts, feelings and behaviours are affected by other people. |
| What is the difference between social psychology and personality psychology? | Social psychology focuses on how social factors influence individuals despite personality differences, personality psychology focuses on the influence of stable individual differences. |
| What is the difference between social psychology and cognitive psychology? | Social psychology studies how people process information, cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes (thinking, learning, remembering and reasoning.) |
| Self schemas | Organize our thoughts, feelings and actions thereby influencing how we perceive, remember and evaluate both other people and ourselves. |
| Person schemas | Mental frameworks suggesting that certain traits and behaviors go together and that individuals having them represent a certain type |
| Role schemas | Contain information about how persons playing specific roles generally act, and what they are like. |
| Situational schemas | Events or sequences of events pertaining to specific situations. They indicate what is expected to happen in a specific situation. |
| What are possible selves? | The different people we could be or could have been, depending on our behavior, choices and fate. |
| The self serving bias | Our tendency to perceive ourselves favorably. |
| Unrealistic optimism | Even though we know best rates for various events, we think we are immune. |
| False consensus | Our tendency to overestimate the commonality of ones opinions and ones undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors |
| False uniqueness effect | Our tendency to underestimate the commonality of ones abilities and ones desirable or successful behaviors. |
| Self presentation | The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to ones ideals. |
| False modesty | Occurs when we ridicule ourselves and praise others in ways that aren’t consistent with our true feelings. |
| Self handicapping | A way to protect ones self image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later. Describe impression management |
| Ingratiation | The various tactics that people use to get others to like them |
| Self monitoring | Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting ones performance to create the desired impression |
| Locus of control | The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts and actions or as externally controlled by chance factors. |
| Self efficacy | A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self-esteem, ones self worth |
| Priming | A procedure based on the notion that ideas that have been recently encountered, frequently activated, or inter-relates are more likely to come to mind and thus will be used in interpreting social events. |
| Schemas | Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. |
| Judgemental Heuristics | Mental shortcuts that people use to make judgements quickly and efficiently. |
| Availability Heuristics | People base a judgements on the ease with which they can bring something to mind. |
| Representative Heuristics | People classify something according to how typical they think it is of a category or class. |
| Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic | Using a number or value as a starting point, and then adjusting one’s answer away from this anchor. |
| Attitude Heuristic | We decide or make judgements based on our previous attitudes. |
| Social Interence | Attention, Deciding what information to use, Integrating information into a judgement. |
| Prejudice | A negative prejudgment of a group and its individual members. |
| Stereotyping | A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes can be over-generalized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. |
| Discrimination | An unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members. |
| Racism/Sexism | An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race or sex |
| Realistic group conflict theory | The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources. |
| Ethnocentrism | A belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and a corresponding disdain for all other groups. |
| Group-serving bias | Explaining away out-group members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions |
| Just-world phenomenon | The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
| Aggression | Physical or verbal behavior intended to physically or psychologically hurt someone. |
| Hostile Aggression | Is driven by anger and performed as an end in itself. |
| Instrumental Aggression | Is aggression that is a means to some other end. |
| Social Dilemmas | Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society. |
| The Prisoners’ Dilemma | Is a type of mixed motive game in which participants interact with another in an interdependent situation. |
| Minimax Principle of friendship | If a relationship gives us more rewards than costs, we will wish to continue. |
| Equity Principle of friendship | What you get out of a relationship should be proportional to what you put into it. |
| Mere exposure effect | The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more and rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them. |
| The Matching Phenomenon | The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits. |
| The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype | The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well. What is beautiful is good. |
| Complementarity | The complementarity hypothesis proposes that people attract those whose needs are different, in ways that complement their own. |
| Conformity | A change in belief or behavior that results from real or imagined pressure from a group. |
| Compliance | Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with social pressure while privately disagreeing. |
| Acceptance | Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure. |
| Unanimity | Someone who punctures a group’s unanimity deflates its social power (Allen & Levine, 1969; Asch, 1955).. |
| Cohesion | We are more influenced by people of our own group than by people of others |
| Status | People conform more to high status groups than to low status groups |
| Public response | Anonymous responses are less conforming. |
| Prior commitment | Making a public commitment makes people hesitant to back down. |
| Normative influence | Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain acceptance |
| Informational influence | Conformity that results from accepting evidence about reality provided by other people. |
| Individualism | Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification. |
| Collectivism | Giving priority to the goals of one’s groups (often ones extended family and work groups) and defining one’s identity accordingly |
| Group | Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as 'us'. |
| Social facilitation | The strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses due to the presence of others. |
| Evaluation Apprehension | Our concern for how others are evaluating us. |
| Social loafing | The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable. |
| Deindividuation | Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster anonymity and draw attention away from the individual |
| Group polarization | Group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies. |
Created by:
mellowinmycello
Popular Psychology sets