Soc Psych Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| What is social psychology? | The scientific study of how individuals think, feel and behave with regard to other people & how individuals thoughts, feelings and behaviours are affected by other people. |
| What is the difference between social psychology and personality psychology? | Social psychology focuses on how social factors influence individuals despite personality differences, personality psychology focuses on the influence of stable individual differences. |
| What is the difference between social psychology and cognitive psychology? | Social psychology studies how people process information, cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes (thinking, learning, remembering and reasoning.) |
| Self schemas | Organize our thoughts, feelings and actions thereby influencing how we perceive, remember and evaluate both other people and ourselves. |
| Person schemas | Mental frameworks suggesting that certain traits and behaviors go together and that individuals having them represent a certain type |
| Role schemas | Contain information about how persons playing specific roles generally act, and what they are like. |
| Situational schemas | Events or sequences of events pertaining to specific situations. They indicate what is expected to happen in a specific situation. |
| What are possible selves? | The different people we could be or could have been, depending on our behavior, choices and fate. |
| The self serving bias | Our tendency to perceive ourselves favorably. |
| Unrealistic optimism | Even though we know best rates for various events, we think we are immune. |
| False consensus | Our tendency to overestimate the commonality of ones opinions and ones undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors |
| False uniqueness effect | Our tendency to underestimate the commonality of ones abilities and ones desirable or successful behaviors. |
| Self presentation | The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to ones ideals. |
| False modesty | Occurs when we ridicule ourselves and praise others in ways that aren’t consistent with our true feelings. |
| Self handicapping | A way to protect ones self image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later. Describe impression management |
| Ingratiation | The various tactics that people use to get others to like them |
| Self monitoring | Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting ones performance to create the desired impression |
| Locus of control | The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts and actions or as externally controlled by chance factors. |
| Self efficacy | A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self-esteem, ones self worth |
| Priming | A procedure based on the notion that ideas that have been recently encountered, frequently activated, or inter-relates are more likely to come to mind and thus will be used in interpreting social events. |
| Schemas | Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. |
| Judgemental Heuristics | Mental shortcuts that people use to make judgements quickly and efficiently. |
| Availability Heuristics | People base a judgements on the ease with which they can bring something to mind. |
| Representative Heuristics | People classify something according to how typical they think it is of a category or class. |
| Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic | Using a number or value as a starting point, and then adjusting one’s answer away from this anchor. |
| Attitude Heuristic | We decide or make judgements based on our previous attitudes. |
| Social Interence | Attention, Deciding what information to use, Integrating information into a judgement. |
| Prejudice | A negative prejudgment of a group and its individual members. |
| Stereotyping | A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes can be over-generalized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. |
| Discrimination | An unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members. |
| Racism/Sexism | An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race or sex |
| Realistic group conflict theory | The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources. |
| Ethnocentrism | A belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and a corresponding disdain for all other groups. |
| Group-serving bias | Explaining away out-group members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions |
| Just-world phenomenon | The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. |
| Aggression | Physical or verbal behavior intended to physically or psychologically hurt someone. |
| Hostile Aggression | Is driven by anger and performed as an end in itself. |
| Instrumental Aggression | Is aggression that is a means to some other end. |
| Social Dilemmas | Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society. |
| The Prisoners’ Dilemma | Is a type of mixed motive game in which participants interact with another in an interdependent situation. |
| Minimax Principle of friendship | If a relationship gives us more rewards than costs, we will wish to continue. |
| Equity Principle of friendship | What you get out of a relationship should be proportional to what you put into it. |
| Mere exposure effect | The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more and rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them. |
| The Matching Phenomenon | The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits. |
| The Physical Attractiveness Stereotype | The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well. What is beautiful is good. |
| Complementarity | The complementarity hypothesis proposes that people attract those whose needs are different, in ways that complement their own. |
| Conformity | A change in belief or behavior that results from real or imagined pressure from a group. |
| Compliance | Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with social pressure while privately disagreeing. |
| Acceptance | Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure. |
| Unanimity | Someone who punctures a group’s unanimity deflates its social power (Allen & Levine, 1969; Asch, 1955).. |
| Cohesion | We are more influenced by people of our own group than by people of others |
| Status | People conform more to high status groups than to low status groups |
| Public response | Anonymous responses are less conforming. |
| Prior commitment | Making a public commitment makes people hesitant to back down. |
| Normative influence | Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain acceptance |
| Informational influence | Conformity that results from accepting evidence about reality provided by other people. |
| Individualism | Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification. |
| Collectivism | Giving priority to the goals of one’s groups (often ones extended family and work groups) and defining one’s identity accordingly |
| Group | Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as 'us'. |
| Social facilitation | The strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses due to the presence of others. |
| Evaluation Apprehension | Our concern for how others are evaluating us. |
| Social loafing | The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable. |
| Deindividuation | Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster anonymity and draw attention away from the individual |
| Group polarization | Group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies. |
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mellowinmycello
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