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Plants
Plant tissues, reproduction, organs etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name three functions of the roots | Anchors plant, Absorbs water through osmosis and minerals through active transport through root hairs and stores food in some plants (eg carrots) |
| Name the two types of root | taproot and fibrous root |
| Name an advantage of root hairs | Increase surface area |
| What do taproots look like? | Has one main, large root (taproot) with secondary roots coming off of the main root |
| What do fibrous roots look like? | Lots of equally sized roots |
| Name examples of taproot plants and are they monocot or dicot? | Carrots, parsnips, turnips - dicot |
| Name examples of fibrous root and are they monocot or dicot? | Grass -monocot |
| In roots, what is the function of the dermal tissue? | Protection |
| In roots, what is the function of the vascular tissue? | Transport |
| In roots, what is the function of the ground tissue? | Storage |
| Name the components of the vascular tissue | Xylem and phloem |
| Name the two systems in a flowering plant | Root system and the shoot system |
| What makes up the root system? | The roots |
| What makes up the shoot system? | The flower, leaf, stem, apical bud, petiole, node, internode and auxillary bud |
| What is another name for the dermal tissue in roots? | The epidermas |
| What is the function of the meristem/meristematic tissue? | Can carry out mitosis using undifferentiated(undefined) cells |
| What is elongation in roots and where does it take place? | Where cells get larger- the ground tissue |
| Where is meristematic tissue found? | In root and shoot tips |
| Name the two types of stems in plants | Woody and herbaceous |
| What differentiates woody stems from herbaceous ones? | Woody stems-contain lignin Herbaceous stems-do not contain lignin |
| Give an example of a woody stem | A twig |
| Give an example of a herbaceous stem | A flower stem |
| Name four functions of the stem | Supports the arial parts of the plant, transports glucose from leaves to roots, transports water from roots to leaves, have lenticels used for gas exchange in photosynthesis |
| What is the function of lenticels? | Oxygen and water vapour leave through them |
| In stems, what does phloem transport and what does xylem transport? | Phloem- transports sugars Xylem- transports water |
| What does a cross section of a dicot stem look like? | The vascular bundles are in a ring around the edges of the ground tissue |
| What does a cross section of a monocot stem look like? | The vascular bundles are scattered all over the ground tissue |
| Which vascular tissue is considered dead and why? | Xylem due to the lignin and having no nucleus |
| What are the two types of xylem? | Vessels and tracheids |
| What is phloem made of? | Living cells called sieve tube elements |
| What is the function of pits in vessels and tracheids? | Allows salts and water to pass through |
| Why is phloem considered living? | It has a nucleus and a companion cell |
| Why does phloem have a companion cell? | They have lots of mitochondria for active transport |
| What makes up a sieve tube element? | sieve tube elements (made up of a companion cell, nucleus, sieve plates, sieve tube cell) |
| What is the function of the waxy cuticle? | prevents water loss |
| What is the function of the palisade layer? | full of chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis |
| What is the function of the spongy layer? | full of air pockets so water can get to the leaf and glucose can get away from the leaf |
| What is the function of the stomata? | gas exchange |
| What is the function of the guard cells? | to open and close the stomata |
| Name the two ways water is transported in plants | Root pressure and transperation |
| What is root pressure? | Water molecules pushing other water molecules up the stem as they enter through the roots |
| What is transpiration? | Evaporation of water from the surface if the leaf (Cohesion Tension Theory) |
| Who proposed the cohesion tension theory? | Dixon and Joly |
| What is TACT? | Transpiration, Adhesion, Cohesion, Tension |
| What is adhesion? | water molecules are attracted to surfaces (in the case of cohesion theory- xylem) |
| What is cohesion? | H2O is attracted to H2O- they link together via hydrogen bonds |
| What is tension? | One force pulling upwards and one force pulling downwards, pulling a column of H2O in opposite directions (pulled by gravity and transperation) |
| Explain the process of cohesion tension theory | |
| What are the factors affecting the rate of transpiration? | temperature, wind, soil water, light and humidity |
| How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration? | Increased temperature = increased transpiration |
| How does wind affect the rate of transpiration? | Increased wind = increased transpiration (wind will shake the water out) |
| How does soil water affect the rate of transpiration? | Increased soil water = increased transpiration |
| How does light affect the rate of transpiration? | Increased light = increased photosynthesis = increased transpiration |
| How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration? | Increased humidity = decreased transpiration (less effective osmosis due to water in the air) |
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sjbuzb
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