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Cell Continuity

TermDefinition
The Cell Cycle 3 Stages in the cell cycle - Interphase - Metaphase - Cytokinesis
Interphase - Cells do not divide in this stage - Cells are growing and carrying out their functions - New organelles and enzymes are produced
Mitosis The division of the nucleus to produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell
Meiosis The division of a diploid nucleus to produce 4 genetically different daughter cells which are haploid. Sometimes called reduction division.
Cytokinesis - Once cell division is complete, the cell divides to form new cells. - Can often overlap with nuclear division.
Role of Mitosis - Growth and repair of multicellular organisms - Reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes
Chromosome Tightly packaged structures found in the nucleus composed of DNA and protein, and consisting of a particular set of genes.
Chromatin The fibrous mixture of DNA and protein that chromosomes are made of, chromosomes loosen to form strands of chromatin
Chromatid One among the two identical copies of DNA making up a replicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres
Centromere Location on a chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached
Four Stages or Mitosis - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
Prophase - Chromatin strands start to condense - Nucleus disappears - Spindle fibres begin to form
Metaphase - Nuclear membrane is fully broken down - Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell - Spindle fibres from each of the poles of the cell attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
Anaphase -Spindle fibres start to contract - Sister chromatids pull apart to opposite poles of the cell - Each end of the cell now contains a complete set of chromosomes
Telophase - Chromosomes start to loosen to become chromatin once more - Individual chromosomes become difficult to distinguish - A nuclear membrane begins to form around each new set of chromosomes at the poles of the cell
Cancer A cancer is a group of disorders in which cells lose their ability to control the rate and frequency of mitosis
Role of Meiosis - Formation of gametes in animals - Prevents doubling of chromosome number during sexual reproduction - Allows new combination of genes to form in the offspring
Site of Meiosis Animals: - Sperm found in the testis - Ova found in the ovary Plants: - Make microspores formed in the anther of the stamen - Female megaspores formed in the ovule of the ovary
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