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Microbiology Exam 2
Portage Learning Center Micro Module 2 exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: As movement requires energy, metabolism can be defined as a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in only motile organisms in order to maintain life | false |
| True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy | false |
| What is a cofactor? And give a general example (short answer) | a small chemical component that assists an enzyme during the catalysis reactions. metal ions are a general example. |
| Define anabolism (short answer) | the process of building up o small molecular units into much larger complexes |
| In order to convert proteins into amino acids, which metabolic process would be active? (short answer) | catabolism would be active |
| Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP (short answer) | ATP has the energy to donate while ADP can accept energy |
| The presence of what molecule 'signals' the cell that glycolysis is about to start (short answer) | Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) |
| True or False: In the absence of oxygen, fermentation produces 2 ATP | false |
| What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? (multiple choice, multiple answers) | NADH and FADH2 |
| True or False: The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system | false |
| In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? (multiple choice, multiple answers) | lactose, carbohydrates, lipids |
| An organism that derives its energy from photons of light is called a (fill in blank) | photrophic microorganism |
| An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as a (fill in the blank) | lithotroph |
| The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what 3 distinct transitions (short answer) | (1) glycolysis, (2) fermentation or respiration, (3) the electron transport chain |
| What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose? (short-answer) | The electron transport chain |
| Identify the reactants of the following chemical equation: Glucose + 2NAD > 2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP (fill in the blank) | 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP |
| For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which of the following enzymes are used? Select all that apply (multiple choice, multiple answers) | proteases and lipases |
| True or False: Plants, algae and bacteria all contain chloroplasts | false |
| The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants (multiple choice, multiple answers) | ATP, CO2, NADPH, H2O |
| What is one of the main functions of light reactions? (short answer) | to generate a proton concentration gradient to generate ATP |
| True or False: The B-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids | true |
| True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light | true |
| How many turns (or repetitions) of the Calvin Cycle required to generate one molecule of glucose? (short answer) | 6 |
| Complete the equation by placing the appropriate number where indicated | 6, 18 , 12, 12 > none, 18, 12 |
| A + B > A - B | ligases |
| A - B > A + B | lyases |
| A- + B > A + B- | oxioreductaces |
| Ab + C > A + Cb | transferases |
| How many ATP does the tricarboxylic acid cycle produce per pyruvate? | 1 ATP |
| True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light | false |
| In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where? | membrane |
| An organism that obtains its source of carbon from inorganic molecules such as carbon dioxide is referred to as a | autotroph |
| Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell? (short answer) | anabolic process |
| True or False: The products of the TCA cycle enter and fuel the electron transport system | true |
| Define catabolism (short answer) | the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources |
| What are the main two roles of glucose-6-phosphate in the cell? (fill in the blank) | prevents glucose from diffusing out of the cells, and serves as the signal molecule to the cell that glycolysis is about to begin |
| True or False: During fermentation one means of eliminating pyruvate is by converting it into lactic acid | true |
| This phosphorylation process occurs in the mitochondria of chemotropic eukaryotes (multiple choice) | oxidative phosphorylation |
| From what course do chemotrophs acquire energy? | preformed chemicals found in the environment |
| A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process? (multiple choice) | substrate-level phosphorylation |
| Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll (short answer) | Both chloroplasts and chlorophyll are associated with photosynthesis |
| The process of photophospyhorylation produces which of the following: select all that apply (multiple choice, multiple answers) | ATP and NADPH |
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