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Ecology

TermDefinition
Ecology The study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment.
Habitat The place in which an organism lives.
Ecosystem The interacting living and non-living components of a particular area.
Biosphere Part of the Earth inhabited by living organisms.
Population All the organisms of the same species in the same habitat.
Community All the different populations living in the same habitat.
Abiotic Factors The external influences by the non-living components
Biotic Factors The external influences by other living things.
Different Abiotic Factors Edaphic Factors: soil features that influence the growth of plants or animals. e.g. pH and drainage Climate Factors: the influences of prevailing weather conditions on living organisms in the ecosystem. e.g. Wind speed and light
Different Biotic Factors Food Organisms, Competition, Pollinators and Predation
Producers (Autotrophs) An organism that makes its own food from inorganic material, using energy from light (photosynthetic) or from chemical reactions (chemosynthetic)
Consumers (heterotrophs) An organism that cannot make its own food, but instead must obtain it by eating
Food Chain A series of organisms in which one is eaten by the next. Must always start with a producer, usually a plant. Must include arrows as they indicate "... is eaten by"
Trophic Levels The trophic level of an organism is its position in the food chain.
Food Web Is a series of interconnecting food chains
Pyramid of Numbers A chart showing the number of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain. Number decreases as you move up the pyramid.
Ecological Niche Its functioned role in the community.
Competition The struggle between organisms for limited resources.
Intra-specific Competition Occurs between members of the same species
Inter-specific Competition Occurs between members of different species
Scramble Competition Each organism tries to get as much of the resource as possible, while its available.
Contest Competition There is a direct conflict between two individuals, where only one is successful in gaining resource,
Role of Competition in the Ecosystem - Controls the size of population of competing individuals - Natural Selection
Adaption Any change in the structure or behavior's of an organism that makes it better suited to its environment
Predation The catching and killing of an animal for food
Predator An animal that hunts and kills another animal (the prey) for food.
Prey An animal that is eaten by a predator
Population Dynamics The study of changes in a population and the factors that cause these changes.
Symbiosis The close relationship between two species living together in which at least one benefits.
Parasitism Symbiosis which occurs when two organisms live in a close association, and one benefits while the other is harmed.
Commensalism Symbiosis which occurs when two organisms live in close association, and one benefits while the other is unaffected.
Mutualism Symbiosis which occurs when two organisms live in close association and both benefit. e.g. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes
Nutrient Recycling The movement of essential elements from the abiotic environment into living organisms and back again.
Carbon Cycle Plants and animals return carbon to the air during respiration.
Nitrogen Fixation The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and nitrate.
Nitrification Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate.
Denitrification Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate into nitrogen gas
Plants Animals Decomposers - Absorb nitrates from solid and use the nitrogen gas to make proteins. - Consume plants and assimilate their nitrogen to make animal protein - Convert decaying nitrogen waste into ammonia
Popular Ecology sets

 

 



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