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Genetic Theory
Definitions for the chapter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | Traits inherited genetically |
| Chromosome mutation | Changes in the structure or number of chromosomes |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNA profiling | A process that creates a unique banding pattern of a person's DNA for comparison to another |
| Evolution | Evolution is the way organisms genetically change to produce new organisms over long periods of time through natural selection |
| Gene | A short section of DNA which codes for a protein |
| Gene expression | The process by which a gene produces a protein |
| Gene/Point mutation | Changes in a single gene |
| Genetic engineering | The artificial manipulation and altering of genes |
| Genetic screening | Testing for the presence or absence of a certain gene |
| Heredity | The passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes |
| Mutation | A change in the amount or structure of DNA |
| Natural selection | The process by which variations that help organisms adapt to their environment will survive and be reproduced - called Survival of the Fittest |
| Non-coding/junk DNA | DNA that does not code for a protein |
| Triplet/codon | A group of three bases which codes for an amino acid |
| Variation | Differences between members of a species |
| Allele | Different forms of the same gene |
| Autosomes | Any chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome |
| Dihybrid cross | Involves the study of two characteristics |
| Monohybrid cross | A single trait cross |
| Dominance | A dominant gene gets expressed over the recessive gene |
| Fertilisation | The fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote |
| Genotype | Genetic make up of an organism |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of an organism |
| Heterozygous | Two different alleles e.g Rr |
| Homozygous | Two of the same alleles e.g RR |
| Incomplete dominance | There is no dominant or recessive allele and the heterozygous condition produces an intermediate phenotype |
| Law of Independent Assortment | At gamete formation, either pair of alleles is is equally likely to combine with either of another pair of alleles |
| Law of Segregation | Characteristics are controlled by pairs of alleles and these alleles separate at gamete formation |
| Linkage | Genes located on the same chromosome |
| Locus | The position of a gene on a chromosome |
| Non-nuclear inheritance | DNA found outside the nucleus in the mitochondria or chloroplast |
| Pedigree | A diagram showing the genetic history of a group of related individuals |
| Progeny | The offspring produced by a cross |
| Recessive | A gene that is not expressed in the presence of a dominant gene |
| Sex linkage | A characteristic controlled by a gene on the sex chromosome |
| Somatic cells | Diploid cells which are not gametes |
Created by:
hsullivan
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