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bio exam 6 questions

QuestionAnswer
Who are individuals most closely related to? Their parents
How are traits passed from one generation to the next? The traits were passed on through the DNA, which gets duplicated in order to make the gametes needed for sexual reproduction
Are all traits heritable? No
How are new traits introduced into a family tree? Through sexual reproduction (fertilization/marriage), recombination of alleles during crossing over, mutations.
What are the different lines of evidence for evolution? Fossil evidence, cellular evidence, anatomical evidence, and molecular evidence
What is Anatomical evidence? Similar structures that may function differently, and are shared by related species because they’re inherited from a common ancestor ex. Pentadactyl limb and homologous structures
What is cellular evidence? Features that support a common ancestry of life ex. all cells have a cytoplasm, phospholipid bilayer, ribosomes, and DNA
Why are fossils important as a record of evolutionary time? Fossils show that life was present and has changed over time and that now-extinct past species are related to present-day species
What are the features pf molecular evidence that support a common ancestry of life? DNA that is used to make the necessary proteins. The translation and transcription processes are the same in all forms of life.
How do we use DNA sequences to determine relatedness? Compare the sequences. The more similar the sequences are means that the organisms are more related to each other
How do we use protein similarities to determine relatedness? Compare the proteins. The more similar the proteins are means that the organisms are more related to each other.
What is a highly conserved protein and why is it important for constructing phylogenies? If there is a change in a protein than that tells a scientist that divergent evolution is taking place
What are the four factors that lead to evolution by natural selection? The potential for populations to increase in numbers Competition for limited resources Variation of traits in a population due to mutations and sexual reproduction Proliferation of individuals with better survival and reproduction
What are the sources of genetic variation in a population? Mutations and crossing over; exchanging alleles
How does evolution by natural selection change the genetic makeup of a population over time? The differential survival and reproductive success of one population changes the offspring population. The alleles that code for the beneficial traits will increase in the population over time.
Color variations in moths, Galapagos Islands Finches, Rock pocket mice experiments As a conclusion of all 3 experiments, the main source of natural selection is adaptation.
What adaptations allow the Bajau people to dive for long periods of time? The 50% increase in spleen size
How can adaptations affect an organism’s fitness (reproductive success)? improving their ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
How do analogous traits arise in a population? (convergent evolution)? organisms that are completely unrelated to each other have to survive under similar circumstances to each other
How do homologous traits arise in populations? The pentadactyl limb can be found from human hands to the inside dolphin flippers. This limb shows that we derived from a common ancestor.
What ideas led to the development of the theory of evolution? Darwin and Wallace– natural selection as a process in which favorable inherited traits give individuals a competitive advantage
Created by: lwstudystack
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