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Biology Semester 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The different forms of a gene are called | Alleles |
| If a pea plant's alleles for height are tt, what is true of its pattern? | Both parents were short |
| Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be? | Homozygous |
| What principle states that gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance? | Principle of independent assortment |
| Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called? | Incomplete dominance |
| In rabbits, there are four different versions of the gene for coat color. What pattern of inheritance is this? | Multiple Alleles |
| One way that meiosis 1 is different from mitosis is that? | Meiosis 1 produces 2 haploid daughter cells, but mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells |
| Variation in human skin color is an example of? | Polygenic Traits |
| Gametes are produced by the process of? | Meiosis |
| A tetrad consists of? | A homologous pair of chromosomes, each made of two chromatids |
| If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort independently? | The genes are probably located close to each other |
| DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because? | its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to form different words. |
| In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens? | Before cell divisions |
| What do bacteriophages infect? | Bacteria |
| In eukaryotes, DNA is located? | in the nucleus |
| Which of the following include all the others? | Chromosome |
| During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases? | GATCCA |
| DNA replication results in two DNA molecules? | Each with one new strand and one original strand |
| In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important? | Sex Cells |
| Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? | Deoxyribose + Phosphate + Cytosine |
| Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of? | Thymine molecules in DNA are about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules. |
| Unlike DNA, RNA contains? | Uracil |
| Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to the other parts of the cell? | mRNA |
| During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is? | Complementary to both strands of DNA |
| What happens during translation? | The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins |
| Genes contains instructions for assembling? | Proteins |
| Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms? | DNA -> RNA -> Protein |
| Which of the following best describes the what happens during gene expression? | A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on those instructions |
| In eukaryotes? | Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm |
| Most mutations? | Have no effect on an organism |
| Human females produce egg cells that have? | Two X chromosomes |
| How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype? | 46 |
| Sex-linked genes are located on? | Both the X and Y chromosome |
| The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called? | Nondisjunction |
| Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born? | Without an X chromosome |
| If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis?- | Some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes |
| The human genome project is an attempt to? | Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
| More than forty percent of proteins coded in the human genome are? | Similar to proteins found in other organisms |
| Biologists in Darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas? | He figured out and explained how these changes happened over time and supported his ideas with evidence. |
| James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists? | Suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred |
| Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of? | The actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures |
| The idea that events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations was presented by? | Thomas Malthus |
| When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is? | Artificial Selection |
| Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment? | Fitness |
| According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have? | Variations best suited to environmental conditions |
| The principle of common descent helps explain why? | Birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics |
| Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of? | Homologous |
| Three sources of genetic variation are? | Sexual Reproduction, Lateral Gene Transfer, & Mutations |
| Genetic recombination includes the independent movement of chromosomes during meiosis as well as? | Crossing over |
| Which of the following statements defines the members of a species? | They mate and produce offspring |
| The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population’s? | Gene Pool |
| Natural selection acts directly on? | Phenotypes |
| The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated? | A bell shaped curve |
| Figure 17-2 shows the highest fitness toward the center of the curve. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is? | Stabilizing Selection |
| Figure 17-3 shows smaller and larger beaks in a population of finches. One group of birds has a short, parrot- like beak, and another group has a long, narrow beak. Which process has probably occurred? | Disruptive Fitness |
| The Galàpagos finch species are an excellent example of? | Speciation |
| Which statement about evolution in the Galàpagos finches is true? | Natural selection on beak size and shape is driven by available food. |
| Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio Annubis and Papio Cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same? | Species |
| What kind of analysis focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms? | Cladistic Analysis |
| What cell structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships? | Nuclei & Mitochondria |
| What is thought to be about the three domains of living things? | They diverged from a common ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes. |
| What do all organisms have in common? | They all use DNA to pass on information |
| Which of the following is a correct explanation of a derived character? | The presence of hair is a derived character of mammals because all mammals have hair and no animals other than mammals have it. |
| Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of? | Common Ancestry |
| In an evolutionary classifications scheme, species within one genus should? | Be more closely related to one another than they are to species in other genera. |
| The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called? | Evolutionary Classification |
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