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Biology Final

biology semester

QuestionAnswer
What is the equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2 (Carbon dioxide + Water => Glucose + Oxygen)
What is the equation for cellular respiration? C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP (Glucose + Oxygen => Carbon dioxide + Water + 20 ATP)
What is the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants of cellular respiration? They are the same/Share the same molecules (Glucose and oxygen)
What organisms move carbon from the environment to the biosphere? Plants
What are the products of photosynthesis? Oxygen and glucose
What are the products of cellular respiration? Water and carbon dioxide
What are the bases for DNA? Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What are the bases for RNA? Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
What is the sequence for DNA? T-A | A-U | G-C | C-G
What is the RNA transcription of "TTTAG"? AAAUC
What is the 3 base sequence of mRNA that codes for amino acids called? Codons
What is the order of protein synthesis? Transcription - translation - initiation - elongation - termination
What is the structure of DNA? Double Helix
How are ribosomes used in protein synthesis? responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating the genetic code transcribed in mRNA into an amino acid sequence
What is the function of tRNA? helps transfer amino acids to the corresponding mRNA codons (always complementary to the mRNA strand)
What does a translocation mutation do? One part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another nonhomologous chromosome
What does a duplication mutation do? A segment of the chromosome repeats itself during replication
Why is crossing over and independent assortment important for genetic variation? New alleles are formed with different genotypes and phenotypes
What types of bonds are broken for DNA replication to occur? Hydrogen bonds
What does Meiosis produce? 4 gametes which contain 23 chromosomes
What happens in Prophase 1? crossing over occurs among the homologous chromosomes (increases the number of possible gene combinations)
What happens in Metaphase 1? Homologous pairs line up at the cell’s equator
What happens in Anaphase 1? Homologous chromosome pairs separate.
What happens in Telophase/Cytokinesis 1? Nuclear membrane partially reforms; cell divides into two cells (now haploid 1N)
What happens in Prophase 2? The nuclear envelope reforms.
What happens in Metaphase 2? Sister chromatids line Up at the cell’s equator
What happens in Anaphase 2? Sister chromatids are separated; Move to opposite poles of the cell
What happens in Telophase/Cytokinesis 2? the two cells both divide, creating 4 haploid cells
How many chromosomes do haploid cells have? n | Half the amount of chromosomes of a diploid cell.
How many chromosomes do diploid have? 2n | Full set of chromosomes.
Meiosis Creates gametes Haploid PMAT twice
Mitosis Somatic cells Diploid PMAT once
What is the purpose of taxonomy? to study how organisms are related, which would allow for better understanding of said organism for research
What is the two-word system for naming organisms called? Binomial Nomenclature
What three kingdoms contain heterotrophs/autotrophs? Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista
What two kingdoms only have heterotrophs? Fungi and Animalia
What kingdom contains only autotrophs? Plantae
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