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ib bio sl topic 5
Evolution and Biodiversity except for specific classification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define evolution. [1] | A change in allele frequency of a population's gene pool over several generations. |
| Explain how fossils provide evidence of evolution. [2] | Reveals features of ancestors Compared with current living beings |
| Explain how homologous structures provide evidence of evolution. [2] | Shows how species diversify from ancestor Each species adapts to utilize an unutilized niche |
| State an example of a homologous structure. [1] | Pendactyl limb |
| Explain selective breeding. [2] | Artificial selection where desired traits are manually bred together. Makes trait more common in successive generations. |
| State an example of selective breeding. [1] | Horse breeding ie. Hanoverian |
| Define speciation. [1] | The evolutionary process where two populations diverge into separate species |
| Outline evolutionary divergence. [3] | Divergence between physically separated populations will increase the longer they are separated Genetic divergence increase = genetic compatibility decrease Populations will diverge until considered different species |
| Outline natural selection. [5] | Inherited variation = genetic Competition = survival struggle Selection = environmental pressure Adaptations = beneficial traits more likely to survive Evolution = change in allele frequency over time |
| Outline why organisms face a struggle for survival. [3] | Population grows according to its biotic potential More offspring = less resources Increase in mortality rate |
| Explain how natural selection can only occur if there is variation in a species. [3] | Mutations = changing genetic composition of gametes Sexual reproduction = combo of two distinct genetic materials Meiosis = crossing over |
| Define mutation. [1] | Change in nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA coding for a specific trait |
| Define adaptation. [1] | Features of organisms that aid their survival by being better suited for the environment |
| Explain how individuals that are better adapted tend to survive and produce more offspring. [2] | Beneficial alleles show up more frequently than detrimental alleles When environment changes, definitions of beneficial and detrimental may change |
| Outline the binomial system and how it's used. [2] | Every organism has a genus and species name which constitutes its scientific name. Used as universal language. |
| Outline the domains of taxonomy. [3] | Eukarya = eukaryotic organisms ie. plants Archaea = prokaryotes ie. thermophiles Eubacteria = prokaryotes who lack a nucleus ie. E. Coli |
| List the principal taxonomy for classifying eukaryotes. [8] | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Define a clade. [1] | Division of species from one ancestral organism into their individual species. |
| Define a cladogram. [1] | A tree diagram that shows most probable sequence of divergence in clades. |
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reisuwa
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