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Enzymes
Immobilised, denatured etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an enzyme? | biological catalysts that have very specific shapes |
| What are enzymes made of? | Globular proteins |
| What is a catalyst? | It speeds up rates of reactions without being used up in the reaction |
| Name the two theories surrounding how enzymes work | The Lock and Key Theory and the Induced fit theory |
| What is an easy way to identify if something is an enzyme? | They all end in 'ase' |
| Do enzymes promote catabolic or anabolic reactions? | Both |
| Give an example of an anabolic enzyme and what is it involved in? | ***DNA polymerase- involved in making DNA during DNA replication |
| Name the enzyme that works on protein and where does it work? | Protease works in the stomach |
| What does protein break down into in catabolic reactions? | Amino acids |
| Name the enzyme that works on lipids and where does it work? | Lipase works in the small intestine |
| What do lipids break down into in catabolic reactions? | 1 glyceroll and 3 fatty acids |
| Name the enzyme that works on starch and where does it work? | Amylase works in the small intestine and mouth |
| What does starch break down into in catabolic reactions? | Maltose |
| Name two factors that effect enzyme action | Temperature and pH |
| What does denature mean? | when the active site changes shape and the substrate will no longer fit |
| Describe how the lock and key theory works | lock=enzyme, key=substrate, keyhole=active site --> the substrate and enzyme fit together like a lock and key |
| What is an immobilised enzyme? | An enzyme that has been fixed or attached to another enzyme or an inert material (eg sodium alginate) |
| Can the shape of an enzyme be changed when immbolised? | Yes |
| Name two uses of enzymes in industry | Fizzy drinks and toffee making |
| Describe how fizzy drinks are made | Glucose is converted to fructose using glucose isomerase |
| Describe how toffee is made | lactose is converted into glucose and galactose using lactase |
| Describe how the induced fit theory works | 1. substrate is complimentary to active site, but doesn't fit perfectly 2. active site slightly changes to fit shape of substrate 3. the enzyme remains the same while the substrate becomes a product |
| What is a substrate? | What is involved in the reaction |
| What is an active site? | Where the reaction takes place |
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sjbuzb
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