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bio unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name all organelles in an animal cell? | cell membrane, greticulum endoplasm, golgi aparatus, nucleolus, chromosomes, nucleus, ribsomes, lysosome, centinole, mitachandria, vacuole, cytoplasm |
| What organelles do plant cells not have that animal cells do? | cell wall, chloroplast |
| What are the most important organelles in a cell? | Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleolus, ribosomes, vacuoles, |
| What function does the nucleus and nucleolus have? | The nucleus carries the DNA in your body and the nucleolus protects the nucleus. |
| What are the three main systems? | Respiratory, digestive and circulatory system |
| Name the three accessory organs in the digestive system? | Liver, pancreas, gall bladder |
| What are the correct order of phases of digestion? | Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination |
| What is the importance of DNA? | contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. |
| What is a stem cell? | cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. |
| What importance do stem cells carry in cellular tech? | Stem cells may have the potential to be grown to become new tissue for use in transplant and regenerative medicine. Before using investigational drugs in people, researchers can use some types of stem cells to test the drugs for safety and quality. |
| Name all specialized cells | red blood cells, muscle cells, fat cells, skin cells, white blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, sperm cells, photophores |
| Name all animal tissues | Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve |
| What are the phases of mitosis in order? | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What is Interphase? | The DNA is uncoiled and called chromatin. A pair of centrioles are present and the nucleus is visible. At this time the cell grows, the DNA replicates and organelles grow in preparation for cell division. |
| What is prophase? | Prophase is the first step in mitosis. The nuclear membrane breaks apart and the chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles form a star shaped structure called aster and a spindle forms between them. |
| What is metaphase? | The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell along the equator. Each chromosome attaches itself to a spindle fiber. |
| What is Anaphase? | The chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle and move to opposite sides of the cell. |
| What is Telophase? | Now that the chromosomes are separated, two nuclei formed. The spindle fibers disappear; the chromosomes uncoil and become string-like chromatin again, and the nuclear membrane reappears. |
| What is cytokinesis? | Cytoplasm splits into 2 daughter cells and usually occurs simultaneously with telophase. |
| What is the cell cycle? | is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. The cell then divides into two daughter cells, each receiving one copy of the doubled material. |
| Why do cells need to multiply? | Cells need to multiply so your body can grow. Cells in your body become damaged or die so they need to multiply to keep you alive. |
| How does cancer happen? | Cancer happens when damaged or abnormal cells keep growing and multiply, this causes them to start multiplying rapidly and gets out of hand, then your body becomes filled with damaged cells and that's what they call cancer. |
| Compare prokaryote and eukaryote cells. | Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multi-celled organisms. |
| What is 2 examples of cell hierarchies? | 1. Clara cell-epithelial-lungs-respiratory system 2. muscle cell-muscle tissue-stomach-digestive system |
| Describe an example of transgenic organisms. | Organisms that have altered genomes are known as transgenic. Most transgenic organisms are generated in the laboratory for research purposes. For example, “knock-out” mice are transgenic mice that have a particular gene of interest disabled. |
| Describe an example of a genetic condition. | Chromosomal disorders, where chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are missing or changed. Chromosomes are the structures that hold our genes. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. |
| What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion? | Osmosis only allows solvent molecules to move freely, but diffusion allows both solvent and solute molecules to move freely. |
| What is a cell analogy? | A cell analogy compares a cell and its parts to something else that is similar. For example, many cell analogies compare a cell to a city. |
| what are the needs of animal systems? | Systems work alone and with other systems to allow your body to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is a stable internal environment that allows you (and your cells) to survive. |
| How do the animal systems "collect" their needs from the environment? | Your body depends on the environment for oxygen, food etc. to go into your body in order for your systems to work and stay alive. |
| What is cellular respiration and where does it take place? | Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to make energy. Cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. |
| What is the equation for cellular respiration? | C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 --> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP |
| What is the main function of the respiratory system? | The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. |
| What is the main function of the digestive system? | The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They can then be absorbed into the bloodstream so the body can use them for energy, growth and repair. |
| What is the main function of the circulatory system? | The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes. The heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood on different sides. |
| What is the main function of the nervous system? | helps all the parts of the body to communicate with each other. |
| What is the main function of the immune system? | defends the body against infection, whilst protecting the body's own cells. |
| What is the function of skin cells? | Are tightly packed to cover the outside of the body, protect the cells inside and reduce dehydration. |
| What is the function of Muscle cells? | Are organized into bundles called "muscle fibers" and can contract. |
| What is the function of white blood cells? | can move like an amoeba to engulf bacteria and fight infection. |
| Primary organs of the circulatory system? | The heart, blood and blood vessels work together to service the cells of the body. |
| Primary organs of the respiratory system? | The main organ of the respiratory system is the lungs. Other respiratory organs include the nose, the trachea and the breathing muscles |
| Name all three blood vessels? | Arteries, veins and capillaries |
| How is gas exchange aided by alveoli? | The walls of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries. That's how close they are. This lets oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse, or move freely, between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. |
| How is nutrient absorption aided by villi? | villi and microvilli helps absorption by increasing the surface area of the small intestine by 30 to 600 times. Small intestinal absorption of nutrients relies on a network of capillaries and lacteals within the intestinal villi. |
| What are differences between the human body and an earthworm? | worms do not have lungs and therefore have to use the process of diffusion, they must stay moist for diffusion to work and stay alive. Earthworms don't have arteries and veins they have system of vessels that distribute the blood in various directions. |
| Number multiple things that are distributed or circulate in blood. | Blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system to be removed from the body. |
| What is the movement of oxygen from the atmosphere to the mitochondria in a body cell? | Oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the RBC, diffuses across the RBC membrane into the plasma, then crosses the microvessel wall and through the interstitial fluid, eventually entering the mitochondria |
| What to plants need? | CO2, O2 (gas exchange), sunlight, growth medium, water, nutrients and minerals, suitable environment, defenses, reproduction. |
| Name all plant systems | Root system, shoot system, reproductive system. |
| What are the primary organs of a plant? | roots, stems and leaves |
| What are all organs of a plant? | Leaves, stems, roots and flower/cones/spores |
| What are the plant tissues? | Dermal (prevent water loss), vascular (transport water, glucose, oxygen etc), ground (photosynthesis) |
| What are meristem cells? | unspecialized cells and can be signaled to differentiate into other plant cells. |
| What are epidermal cells? | cells on exterior of plant ex. root hairs |
| What is photosynthesis? | a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. |
| What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2. |
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iwile1
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