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3.5 & 3.6 Key words

Biology A2

TermDefinition
Biodiversity the number of different species and the number of individuals within a species, in a given area
Extinction the process by which a species no longer exists on Earth due to a failure to successfully adapt to a changing environment.
Endangered very few individuals of a species remain, leaving them at risk of extinction
Conservation the protection, preservation, management and restoration of natural habitats and their ecological communities to enhance biodiversity and allow human activity.
Ecotourism the sustainable method of tourism, whilst providing an income for local people to help conserve species and habitats
Bioaccumulation chemicals can not break down so they are passed up the food chain, the levels increasing at each trophic level due to the consumption of many organisms below it.
Deforestation the purposeful action of quickly clearing a large are of trees for agriculture, commercial or mining use.
Aforestation the increased planting of trees.
Overfishing when the rate at which fish are harvested exceeds the birth rate
Environmental monitoring describes the quality of the environment currently and predicts a pattern.
Planetary boundary definition A safe operating space for humanity
Planetary boundary (9) Climate change Biosphere integrity boundary Land-system change Biogeochemical boundary Stratospheric-Ozone boundary Ocean acidification Freshwater use Atmospheric aerosol load Novel entities
Climate change Refers to greenhouse gases and effect on environment
Biosphere integrity Habitat loss causing extinction and decrease in biodiversity
Land-system change The effects of deforestation and urban developpment
Biogeochemical flow The cycling of minerals, affected by the use of fertilisers
Stratospheric ozone boundary The depleting of the ozone due to CFC's and other radicals when exposed to UV light
Ocean acidification The increased solubility of carbon dioxide in warmer ocean
Freshwater use The increased use due to population increase and decreased availability due to contamination and land-system change.
Atmospheric aerosol load Aerosols are microscopic particles from combustion or dust that cover leaves. Effect is so varied, no boundary
Novel entities Particles from manufactured chemicals. Effect is so varied, no boundary.
Population an interbreeding group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular habitat
Immigration the movement of individuals into a population of the same species
Carrying capacity the maximum number around which the population fluctuates in a habitat
Environmental resistance the environmental factors the control the rate of population growth
Abundance the number of individuals in a species of a given area/volume
Distribution describes the pattern the species are found in in a given area/volume
Community all the populations that live in one habitat and interact with one another
Ecosystem The interaction of organisms between each other and abiotic factors
Photosynthetic efficency the amount of light energy producers are able to convert into chemical energy through photosynthesis
Gross primary productivity the rate of production of chemical energy in organic molecules by photosynthesis in a given area in a given time
Net primary productivity the rate at which energy is converted into the plant's biomass per area per year
Secondary productivity the rate at which consumers convert chemical energy into biomass
Succession the change in structure and species composition over time
Climax community the stable, self-renewing community that has reached equilibrium
Primary succession the sequence of change following the introduction of a species to an are previously not colonied
Xerosere A very dry area
Plagioclimax when a climax community will not form due to deflected succession
Secondary succession the changes in community following the disturbance or damage to a colonised habitat.
Created by: Zoe 1
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