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Exam 5 - Bio
Mutations, Genetics, and Taste Lab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mutation | a change in the sequence of bases in DNA |
| Point mutations | a point mutation is a change in DNA where a single nucleotide is substituted for another |
| Substitutions | a mutation that exchanges one base for another |
| Insertions | type of mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a segment of DNA |
| Deletions | when there is a missing segment in the chromosome; disrupts the reading frame |
| Frameshift | mutation is a change in the DNA sequence so that a base is deleted or added |
| Silent | occur when a mutated codon codes for the same amino acid |
| Reading frame | 3 sets of nucleotides that make up a codon |
| Codon | a codon is a group of three nitrogen bases in an mRNA molecule |
| Amino acid | a small molecule that is a building block (monomer) of proteins. |
| Nucleotides | nucleotides are units that make up DNA |
| Positive mutation | a mutation that has positive effects on an organism |
| Negative mutation | a mutation that has negative effects on an organism |
| Neutral mutation | a mutation that has neither negative nor positive effects on the organism |
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