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Biology

QuestionAnswer
Gene A section of the DNA molecule that provides instructions for building a specific protein.
Chromosome You inherit 46 chromosomes from your parents - 23 from your mum and 23 from your dad. Extra chromosomes cause down syndrome.
Allele The alternate form of a gene.
Locus The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.
Karyotype What the chromosomes create when they're all looked at together, a sort of map of the cells abnormalities.
DNA A molecule in the shape of a double helix that contains the genetic information needed to create a cell. It also provides instructions for creating amino acids.
Nucleus The part of the cell where the DNA is stored.
Diploid A cell which has the normal number of chromosomes (46).
Haploid A cell that has only 23 chromosomes instead of the normal (diploid) number of 46 chromosomes.
Sex chromosome The largest pair of chromosomes. They determine the sex of the organism: XX chromosomes for a female, and XY chromosomes for a male.
Homologous chromosome The non-sex chromosomes, that get paired together according to size, shape and colouring.
Autosome The chromosomes numbered from 1 to 22, biggest to smallest. The 23rd chromosome, or the biggest one, is the sex chromosome.
Ribosome What takes codons from RNA and converts them into amino acids.
Amino acid The smallest building block, and what proteins are made out of.
RNA A strand of DNA that's been split in half so it can float out of the nucleus and be converted into amino acids.
Codon Groups of 3 bases on one side of DNA/RNA that are code of amino acids to build proteins.
Bases What each "rung" of the DNA ladder is made out of: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
Base pairs Adenine goes with thymine and cytosine goes with guanine.
Punnett Squares A way of figuring out what alleles a organism has inherited from its parents.
Created by: Fred G-S
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