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Genetics definition

TermDefinition
Species organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Heredity the passing on of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes
Gene Expression The process of using information on the gene to make a protein
Gene the unit of dna which codes for the production of a specific protein
DNA Profiling a method of making unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person
Fertilisation The fusion of two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
Alleles Are different forms of the same gene.
Locus Is the position of the gene on a chromosome
Homozygous Two alleles are the same
Heterozygous Two alleles are different.
Dominant one allele masks the effect of another allele. (expressed in heterozygous condition)
Recessive The allele is prevented from working by the dominant allele. (only expressed when in the homozygous condition)
Genotype Genetic make-up of an individual
Dominant allele Is the allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition. Represented by a capital letter eg R
Recessive allele Is the allele that is only expressed in the homozygous condition. Represented by a smaller letter eg r
Phenotype Physical make-up of an individual.
Monohybrid Cross One genetic trait is studied. F1 generation (first filial generation): first generation offspring of any two given parents.
Mendel’s 1st Law: Law of Segregation • Inherited characteristics are controlled by a pair of factors • These factors segregate from one another at gamete formation with only one member of each pair being found on each gamete.
Mendel’s 2nd Law: Law of independent assortment The law of independent assortment states when gametes are formed either pair of factors is equally likely to combine with another pair of factors
Linked Genes When genes are located on the same chromosome.
Sex Linkage A gene is located on a sex chromosome.
Incomplete dominance . Means neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other – they are equally expressed.
Created by: Caoimhek
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