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BIO 106 Chapter 12

QuestionAnswer
Summarize how researchers demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material (Griffiths and Avery, McLeod, McCarty) Genetic material must be 1) able to store info for development, structure &metabolic activities of cell 2) stable for high accuracy replication during division 3) undergo mutations for variability.
Explain the 4 nucleotides and their bases and rings the purine bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G) with double ring. the pyrimidine bases: thymine (T) and cytosine (C) with single ring.
What do all nucleotides contain? monomers contain a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogen-containing base.
the sugar in DNA is called: Deoxyribose
Explain what antiparallel means the sugar-phosphate groups that are chained together to make each strand are oriented in opposite directions.
How are nucleotides joined together? by linking using phosphodiester bond to the 5' phosphate of one nucleotide to a free hydroxyl (-OH) located at 3'
Explain the complementary base pairing purine (large, 2 rings) bonds to a pyrimidine (smaller, 1 ring). A-T and G-C. these bases bond through Hydrogen bonds
What is semiconservative replication? the process of DNA replication that results in 2 double helix molecules, each having 1 parental and 1 new strand
What is the DNA helicase separates double-stranded DNA into single strands
What does the Single-stranded binding protein (SSB) do? Binds to single-stranded DNA and prevents it from re-forming a double helix
what does the DNA primase do? synthesizes short RNA primers
What does the DNA polymerase do? synthesizes DNA in the leading and lagging strands; removes the RNA primers, filling the gaps with more DNA; and proofreads newly made DNA
What does DNA ligase do? covalently attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
Created by: eneill
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