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Meiosis

TermDefinition
meiosis I split homologous pairs
prophase I homologous pairs hook up to form a tetrad, crossing over occurs
synapsis pairing of homologs to form a tetrad
metaphase I homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell, still connected to each other
anaphase I homologous pairs are pulled apart, crossing over is complete
telophase I the cells divide and are now haploid, but still replicated, needs one more division, create two new cells each
meiosis II split sister chromatids
end of meiosis II 4 new daughter cells that are haploid and genetically different
genome complete complement of an organism's DNA, includes genes, and chromosomes
DNA in eukaryotes organized in chromosomes, in nucleus
genes have specific places on chromosomes, section of DNA that is a recipe for a protein, protein becomes a trait, unit of heredity
gene mapping finding the specific place where a gene is located on a chromosome
sperm+egg= zygote, diploid cell
chromosomes carry genes
sexual reproduction creates genetic variation, fusion of sperm and egg
karyotype ordered display of an organism's chromosomes, staining can reveal visible band patterns (genes)
nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes aren't evenly split during meiosis
trisomy 3 homologous chromosomes
monosomy missing the other chromosome, one chromosome is missing from the pair
trisomy 21 downs-syndrome
haploid half the number of chromosomes, egg, sperm, n
diploid double the number of chromosomes, one set from mom, the other from dad, 2n
sperm/egg gametes, donate 23 chromosomes each, contain 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome, haploid
gametes produced by meiosis, sperm/egg
meiosis vs. mitosis meiosis has 2 divisions, mitosis only has 1, mitosis is used for growth and repair, meiosis is used for reproduction in animals, meiosis is haploid, mitosis is diploid, meiosis creates 4 genetically different cells, mitosis created 2 identical cells
meiosis creates genetic diversity, no 2 daughter cells are genetically the same because of crossing over
spermatogenesis creation of sperm
oogenesis creation of eggs
allele different versions of a gene
chromatid replicated copy in a chromosome
crossing over exchange of genetic information between a homologous pair
gene shuffling introduces greater genetic variation
homologous pair pair of the same chromosome from different parents
somatic cells body cells, diploid, NOT sperm or egg
zygote single cell, fertilized egg
gene linkage genes that are almost always found together
Created by: ts2819
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