Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Human Reproduction
Male and female organs, menstrual cycle, pregnancy etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the ovary? | eggs are stored and released from here |
| What is the function of the cervix? | It is a narrow opening between the uterus and the vagina |
| What is the function of the uterus? | Where the foetus will develop |
| What is the function of the Fallopian tubes? | Eggs travel along this tube on the way to the uterus |
| What is the function of the uterus lining? | It thickens every month in preparation to receive a fertilised egg |
| What is the function of the vagina? | Sperm enter here |
| What is the function of the sperm duct? | Sperm travel along here |
| What is the function of the testes? | Sperm are made here |
| What is the function of the scrotum? | Holds the testes |
| What is the function of the urethra in males in relation to reproduction? | Sperm leave the body through this tube |
| What is the function of the glands/prostate gland? | Add fluid to sperm called semen to help them swim |
| What is one reason, cause and corrective measure for male infertility? | Low sperm count caused by smoking. Corrective measure: Stop/don't smoke |
| Name three hormones in relations to males in reproduction | Testosterone, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (leutenising hormone) |
| Where is testosterone released from? | The testes |
| Where is FSH released from? | The pituitary gland |
| Where is LH released from? | The pituitary gland |
| What does testosterone do? | At puberty it stimulates secondary sexual characteristics |
| What does FSH do in males? | Stimulates the production of sperm through meiosis |
| What does LH do in males? | Stimulates testes to produce testosterone |
| What are secondary sexual characteristics? | Features that distinguish males from females apart from the sex organs |
| On average, how long is the menstrual cycle? | 28 days |
| What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle? | Ovulation |
| Define ovulation | the release of an egg from the ovary |
| What is menstruation? | the breaking down of the uterus lining |
| What happens on days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle? | Menstruation |
| Name three examples of male secondary sexual characteristics | facial hair, voice deepens, shoulders widen |
| Name two examples of female secondary sexual characteristics | Hips widen, breasts develop, |
| Name a menstrual disorder and explain | Fibroids- benign tumours of the uterus produced by overproduction of cells |
| Name a cause and treatment of your studied menstrual disorder | Uncertain cause- may be abnormal response to oestrogen (more common in women taking the pill) Treatment-Surgery for large fibroids, hystorectomy for multiple |
| What is a hystorectomy? | The removal of the uterus |
| Define fertilisation | The fusion of the nuclei of the male and female gametes to form a zygote |
| Describe the development of a zygote to an embryo | 1. Zygote divides by mitosis to form a ball of cells called a morula (3 days) 2. Morula forms a blastocyst---> a hollow ball of cells (day 5) 3. Embryo forms |
| What is the blastocyst and what does it become? | Inner cell mass that becomes the embryonic disc |
| What is the embryonic disc made up of and name them | 3 germ layers---> Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm |
| What does the ectoderm end up forming into? | (outside)- exoskeleton (skin, nails, hair, nervous system) |
| What does the mesoderm end up forming? | (middle)- organs, muscles, skeleton, respiratory/excretory/circulatory systems |
| What does the endoderm end up forming? | (inside)- inner linings of organs---> liver, pancreas, digestive/respiratory/excretory systems |
| What is the gestation period and how long is it? | The length of pregnancy---> 9 months/40 weeks in humans |
| In embryonic development, what happens in weeks 3-4? | Heart begins to beat and nervous system has formed |
| In embryonic development, what happens in week 8? | Embryo is referred to as a foetus and organs start to grow |
| In embryonic/foetal development, what happens in week 12? | Sex organs can be determined with a scan (ultrasound) |
| What is implants into the uterus lining? | The blastocyst |
| What is implantation? | The attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium |
| What happens to the blastocyst once it has implanted itself? | Becomes the embryo |
| When does a placenta form? | Once the embryo has grown and the uterus lining becomes insufficient |
| What is a placenta made of? | Uterine lining and embryonic tissue |
| How big is a placenta? | 20 cm wide, 3 cm deep |
| Name functions of the placenta | Keeps mother and foetus' blood supply seperate, provides O2 and nutrients through diffusion, removal of waste (CO2) and hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) |
| Why wouldn't you want a mother and foetus' blood mixing? | Mother has higher blood pressure, could be different blood types, mother may have diseases in blood, higher salt content in mothers blood etc |
| After 18 weeks what does progesterone do? | Stimulates further development of uterus lining and prevents the production of FSH by pituitary gland |
| What does the umbillical cord do? | Links embryo/foetus to placenta |
| What is the amnion and what does it do? | Contains amnionic fluid which acts as a shock absorber |
| What is copulation? | Sexual intercourse |
| What is a cause and treatment of female infertility? | Causes: Blockage in the fallopian tubes (functional-mucous or structural-scarring) Treatment: Surgery can be prescribed to remove the blockage |
| Name the three stages of birth | Labour, Birth, Afterbirth |
| Outline what happens in labour | Placenta stops producting progesterone. Oxytocin produced by pituitary gland causes uterus to contract (contractions). Contractions cause Amnion rupture, releasing amnionic fluid (waters breaking). Cervix thins and dilates |
| Outline what happens in birth | Contractions help push the baby out through the cervix and vagina. Generally baby will come out head first and facing the spine. Umbillical cord is cut |
| Outline what happens in afterbirth | Placenta is released through the vagina |
| What is lactation? | Production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands (breasts) of a female |
| What hormone stimulates lactation and where does it come from? | Prolactin from the pituitary gland |
| What is suckling? | The baby sucking on the mammary gland |
| How does suckling cause milk to be ejected from the mammary gland? | Suckling causes pituitary gland to release oxytocin which causes the ducts to contract, ejecting milk from the breast |
| Name four benefits of breastfeeding | Example of passive immunity, nutritionally balanced specifically for the baby, cheaper, promotes bonding between mother and baby |
| Define contraception | Preventing pregnancy by either stopping fertilisation or by preventing the embryo implanting in the walls of the uterus |
| Name the four types of contraception | Natural, mechanical, chemical and surgical |
Created by:
sjbuzb
Popular Biology sets