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Unit 8 Heredity/Gene

TermDefinition
Genetics the study of heredity
Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Trait specific characteristic of an individual
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Allele Different forms of a gene
Dominant Describes a trait that covers over
Recessive Describes a trait that is covered over
Law of Segregation Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
monohybrid cross A cross between two individuals
Gamete specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Probability A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous having two different alleles for a trait
Phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype An organism's genetic makeup
Punnett Square diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
law of independent assortment Mendel's second law
dihybrid cross Cross or mating between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
incomplete dominance Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
Codominance A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
multiple alleles three or more alleles of the same gene
polygenic traits traits controlled by two or more genes
Genome All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Karyotype A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
sex chromosomes One of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human
Autosomes non-sex chromosomes
sex-linked gene gene located on the X or Y chromosome
Pedigree A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
Nondisjunction Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.
gel electrophoresis The separation of nucleic acids or proteins
DNA fingerprinting The analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals.
Biotechnology A form of technology that uses living organisms
clone member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
Transgenic term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms
gene therapy the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.
GM crops Crops that have been genetically engineered to be resistant to fungi
Created by: KellyKirvin
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