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Chap 18 & 19 Vocab
Chapter 18 & 19: Viruses and Prokaryotes & Protists and Fungi
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Virus | an infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat |
| Pathogen | any living organism or particle that can cause and infectious disease |
| Viroid | infectious particles that cause disease in plants |
| Prion | an infectious particle made only of proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly |
| Capsid | a protein shell that surrounds a single viral particle, called a virion, made up of genetic material |
| Bacteriophage | viruses that infect bacteria |
| Lysogenic Infection | a phage combines its DNA into the host cell’s DNA |
| Prophage | the phage DNA interested into the host cell’s DNA |
| Epidemic | a rapid outbreak of an infection that affects many people |
| Vaccine | a substance that simulates the body’s own immune response against invasion by microbes |
| Retrovirus | a virus that contains RNA and uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy |
| Obligate Anaerobe | poisoned by oxygen |
| Obligate Aerobe | organism that need oxygen in their environment |
| Facultative Aerobe | can survive whether oxygen is resent in the atmosphere or not |
| Plasmid | a small piece of genetic material that can replicate separately from the prokaryotes’ main chromosome |
| Flagellum | a long, whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement |
| Conjugation | prokaryotes can exchange parts of their chromosomes through a hollow bridge of pili formed to connect two or more cells |
| Endospore | a specialized cell with a thick, protective wall |
| Bioremediation | process that uses microbes and other living things to break down pollutants |
| Toxin | a poison released by an organism |
| Antibiotic | chemicals that kill of slow the growth of bacteria by stopping bacteria from making cell walls |
| Protist | a eukaryote that is not an animal, a plant, or a fungus |
| Protozoa | often used informally to describe the many phyla of animal-like protists |
| Pseudopod | a temporary extension of cytoplasm and plasma membrane that helps protozoa move and feed |
| Cilia | short, hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism swim and capture food |
| Algae | photosynthetic plantlike protists |
| Slime Mold | eukaryotic organisms that have both funguslike and animal-like traits |
| Water Mold | funguslike protists that are made up of branching strands of cells |
| Chitin | a tough polysaccharide that is also found in the shells of insects and their close relatives |
| Hyphae | long strands that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi |
| Mycelium | an underground network of hyphae |
| Fruiting Body | a reproductive structure of a fungus that grows above ground |
| Mycorrhizae | mutualistic partnerships between fungi and the roots of certain plants |
| Sporangia | spore-forming structures at the tips of their hyphae |
| Lichen | a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and algae or photosynthetic bacteria |
| Lytic Infection | an infection pathway in which the host cell bursts, releasing the new viral offspring into the host’s system, where each then infects another cell |
Created by:
SavanahT
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