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What best explains why animals are considered monophyletic?
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Because they obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms, animals are
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BIOL - chapter 32
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What best explains why animals are considered monophyletic? | They share features of major importance. |
| Because they obtain energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms, animals are | heterotrophs |
| Terms that accurately describe an organism that obtains energy and organic molecules by ingesting other organisms include | Omnivore Carnivore Heterotroph Herbivore |
| In contrast to unicellular organisms, animals are all _____ organisms because they are made up of many cells. | multicellular |
| Which organisms have cells that lack cell walls? | Butterfly Millipede |
| All animals share features of major importance and are therefore | monophyletic |
| How does a heterotrophic organism obtain energy and organic molecules? | Ingestion of other organisms |
| How do animals obtain the organic molecules necessary to sustain life? | They obtain organic molecules by feeding on other organisms or their products. |
| What is true of all animals? | They are multicellular. |
| Why are animal cells often less rigid and more flexible than cells of other multicellular organisms? | Animal cells lack cell walls. |
| Although some animals are sessile, a characteristic which is unique to most animals is their ability to _____ rapidly | move |
| Animals that lack backbones are called _____, whereas animals with backbones are called | invertebrates and vertebrates |
| What is a correct description of sexual reproduction? | Sexual reproduction is the most common form of reproduction in animals. |
| All animals, except sponges, have cells organized into groups with similar form and function called | tissues |
| What animals lack a backbone? | invertebrates |
| Virtually all animals use eggs and sperm to reproduce | sexually |
| The only animals that lack any form of body symmetry are | sponges or porifera |
| The parts of an animal which exhibits ______ symmetry are arranged in such a way that a longitudinal plane cut at any angle through the central axis results in two halves that are identical. | radial |
| With the exception of sponges, all animals have their cells organized into structural and functional units called | tissues |
| Animals that can be divided into right and left halves and dorsal and ventral halves are said to exhibit which of the following? | A bilaterally symmetrical body plan |
| Animals that are bilaterally symmetrical are placed in the group | Bilateria |
| The localization of sensory structures at the anterior end of the body is called | Cephalization |
| All animals exhibit some form of body symmetry except | sponges. |
| Choose the statement that most accurately describes the presence of tissues in animals. | Specialized tissues are found in all animals except sponges. |
| What type of symmetry is characteristic of animals that are organized such that any longitudinal plane that cuts through their central axis will result in two equal halves? | Radial symmetry |
| Triploblastic animals have three germ layers. The outer layer is called the _____, the inner layer is called the ____, and the intermediate layer is called ______ | ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm |
| Animals with _____ ______ can be divided into right and left halves which are mirror images of each other. These animals also have dorsal and ventral halves, and posterior and anterior ends. | bilateral symmetry |
| What term best describes animals with three embryonic germ layers? | Triploblastic |
| What is true of animals within the group Bilateria? | They have a left and right side that are mirror images of each other. |
| Advantages of a body cavity include | fostering developmental interactions. circulating materials. cushioning internal organs. |
| Cephalization is | the localization of sensory structures near the head of the animal. |
| What is an accurate description of the pseudocoelom? | It is a body cavity that develops embryologically between the mesoderm and endoderm. |
| In all animals except ____, cells differentiate into specialized _____ which are groups of cells that take on particular functions in the animal's body. | sponges/porifera and tissues |
| A body cavity derived entirely from mesoderm is called a | coelom |
| The three germ layers of triploblastic animals are, starting with the deepest layer, are | endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm. |
| Animals of the Bilateria with all three distinct germ layers are referred to as _____, whereas ______ refers to cnidarians that have only two germ layers. | triploblastic and triploblastic |
| Unlike the digestive cavity, the body cavity is | isolated from the exterior of the body. |
| A body cavity called the __________develops in an animal embryo between the mesoderm and endoderm. | pseudocoelom |
| What is a peritoneum? | A layer of mesoderm-derived epithelial cells that surrounds the coelom |
| In order to get adequate movement of gases, nutrients, and other chemicals in the body, most larger animals must have | a circulatory system |
| Which of the following accurately describe an open circulatory system? | In an open circulatory system, blood passes from vessels into sinuses and Open circulatory systems are typically found in animals that are inactive and therefore require less oxygen. |
| In a bilaterally symmetrical animal, a(n) ______ is a fluid-filled body cavity, which develops entirely within the mesoderm. | true coelom |
| In a(n) _____ circulatory system, the blood is completely confined to blood vessels and is totally separated from other body fluids. | closed |
| Small animals can distribute gases and nutrients through the fluid in the body cavity, however, larger animals need a specialized _____ system to perform this task. | circulatory |
| In a(n) _____ circulatory system, blood vessels pass into open sinuses and mix with body fluid that surrounds the cells and tissues. | open |
| Animals that undergo embryonic development where the embryonic blastopore develops to become the animal's mouth are _____ | protostomes |
| The type of cleavage found in all deuterostomes is ____ cleavage | radial |
| Which of the following accurately describe a closed circulatory system? | Small animals:blood is pushed through circulatory system by animal's movement. Blood moves through a closed circulatory system faster than an open circulatory system. Large animals:blood through the circulatory system by contraction of heart. |
| In determinate development, | the cells differentiate into tissues early in development. |
| Protostomes are animals in which the embryonic blastopore becomes the | mouth |
| Which of the following exhibit radial cleavage? | Deuterostomes and Echinoderms |
| When is indeterminate development observed? | When the cells formed during cleavage have not yet lost their totipotency and When each cell formed during cleavage retains the ability to develop into a complete embryo |
| in ______ development, the type of tissue each embryonic cell will form in the adult is determined very early in embryonic development when developmental signals are located in different regions of the egg. | determinate |
| What is true of coelom development in protostomes? | Mesodermal cells move apart to form the coelomic cavity. |
| What would be an advantage of segmentation in adult organisms? | It allows each region to operate independently of the other body regions. and It allows for a more efficient locomotion. |
| What are the flagellated cells that line the internal cavity of a sponge and help water flow through the ostia called? | Choanocytes |
| What is the function of choanocytes in sponges? | They are specialized cells that assist in the circulation of water and the capture and digestion of food particles. |
| Deuterostomes exhibit ______ development | indeterminate |
| _______ have cells that move apart within the mesoderm to create an expanding coelom, whereas _____ pouch off cells of the archenteron which form into the coelom. | protosomes and Deuterostomes |
| In a highly segmented animal, such as an earthworm, each segment has a more or less complete set of organ systems. Why might this be an advantage for the animal? | The animal can easily survive damage to one or a few segments. |
| Sponge gametes are derived from what type of cells? | choanocytes |
| The feeding mechanism of a sponge can be summarized as such: Water is drawn into the body through small pores in the surface called ostia by the beating action of _ found on specialized cells, called ____. water flows out through large opening osculum. | flagellas and Choanocytes |
| Choose the two main type of symmetry found in eumetazoans. | Bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry |
| How do ctenophores move? | They use the beating of their cilia. |
| All sponge sperm and some sponge egg cells are produced by the transformation of | Choanocytes |
| Cnidarians on the form of a polyp or a | medusa |
| In what capacities do nematocysts function (choose all that apply)? | prey capture and defense |
| Some individuals in the cnidarian class _____ have a sting that is toxic enough to kill humans. | Cubozoa |
| The two main types of symmetry found in eumetazoans are _____ symmetry and _____ symmetry | radial and bilateral |
| Ctenophores use eight rows of comb-like plates of fused ______ to propel themselves in the water column. | cilia |
| The body forms of the cnidaria are the ____ and the medusa | polyp |
| How many clades does the Bilateria comprise? | Two |
| Cnidarians use ____ in prey capture and defense. | nematocysts |
| Anthozia's representative is Hydrozoa's representative is Scyphozoa's representative is Cubozoa's representative is | corals, portuguese man-of-war jellyfish box jellies star jellies |
| This group of animals is characterized by a transition to bilateral symmetry. | Bilateria |
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