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H.Bio Bacteria Exam

2023 Honors Biology Bacteria Exam Review Notes

TermRelative Info
Small Pox Virus - First vaccination,, Edward Jenner.
Polio Virus - "Infantile Paralysis." - 1950's epidemic.
Chicken Pox Virus - Shingles,, repeated exposure + inflammation of nerve endings.
Measles Virus
HIV Virus - Becomes AIDS once WBC count drops below 250.
Mumps Virus - Inflammation of saliva glands.
Influenza VIrus - "Flu."
Yellow Fever Virus - Although similar to Yellow Fever,, "Malaria" is brought by a protist through a mosquito-vector.
Rabies Virus
Common Cold Virus
Cold Sores Virus - "Herpes simplex."
Ebola Virus
Diphtheria Bacteria
Tuberculosis Bacteria - 1940's epidemic. Very contagious. - Special hospitals are called "Sanatariums."
Typhoid Fever Bacteria - Water spread.
Tetanus Bacteria - Obligate anaerobe. - Drawn from piercing wounds.
Hansen's Disease Bacteria - "Leprosy." - Slowest growing bacterium,, taking 14 days for one cell division.
Syphilis Bacteria - A sexually transmitted disease. Can be cured if treated early on, but will eventually become chronic and cause "madness" in the brain.
Cholera Bacteria - Water spread.
Bubonic Plague Bacteria - "Black Death." - Drawn from the fleas on rats.
Tooth Decay Bacteria - #1 Health Problem in the World today.
Dysentery Bacteria - Water spread. - Only fatal to young children due to the chance of dehydration.
Escherichia Coli Bacteria - "E. Coli." - Lives in the intestine and synthesizes Vitamin K.
Lyme's Disease Bacteria - Deer-tick vector. - Causes a "Bull's Eye Rash" and is only treatable when diagnosed early on.
Strep Throat Bacteria - "Streptococcus."
Staphylococcus Bacteria - Extremely contagious and serious bacterial infection. Often leads to the death of tissues and body parts may have to be amputated.
Why are viruses harder to treat? They do not respond to anti-biotics.
Rickettsiae Parasites and the smallest forms of bacteria.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsiae - Requires a tick vector.
Typhus Fever Rickettsiae - Spread by lice.
Legionnaires' Disease Rickettsiae - 1976; Philadelphia,, PA.
Obligate Anaerobes Something that must live in a environment without oxygen to survive. Will die in an oxygen environment in roughly seven seconds. (ie. STDs,, HIV/AIDS,, Tetanus)
Obligate Aerobes Something that must live in an environment with oxygen to survive.
Pathogen A disease causing agent.
Sir Alexander Flemming Discovered the antibiotic penicillin. Grew up in Scotland and was educated alongside Winston Churchil.
Penicillin Kills bacteria by making holes in its cell wall and cell membrane.
Bacteria Spores Formed when environmental conditions are poor.
Kingdom Archaebacteria Can survive in very harsh environmental conditions. Are believed to be the first life forms on Earth.
Kingdom Eubacteria May cause disease, but some assist in nitrogen-fixation.
How can bacteria be helpful? Bacteria is often used to make yogurt,, decompose and recycle genetic material,, and to act as vectors in genetic engineering.
Coccus Spherical bacterium shape.
Bacillus Rod bacterium shape.
Spirillum Spiral bacterium shape.
Diplo- Paired bacterium prefix.
Strepto- Chained bacterium prefix.
Staphlo- Clustered bacterium prefix. (Only applicable to coccus,)
Lytic Cycle Virus attacks host,, changes its code,, produces more viruses,, and continues the cycle.
Lysogenic Cycle Virus attacks host,, changes its code,, produces more viruses,, and then stops and lays dormant.
Interferon Inhibits virus replication,
Vector Transmits disease-causing organisms.
Jonas Salk Made the first Polio vaccine in 1955.
Mad Cow Disease Caused by prions,, tiny viruses,, in the 1990's of Great Britain.
Capsid Virus protein coat.
MMR Vaccine Given to children at 15 months for measles,, mumps,, and rubella.
Binary Fission Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two equal cells.
Conjugation The exchange of genetic information between bacteria.
Saprobe An organism that derives its energy from dead or dying organisms.
Pili An extension or "tail" found on the end of some bacteria.
Cyanobacteria Important to plants as it is one of the only bacterium able to perform nitrogen fixation.
Created by: maib
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