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chapter 31
Biol
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| extracellular digestion | fungi are heterotrophs that feed by extra cellular digestion- secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food which breaks down the food molecules to a smaller form to be passed through the cell membrane |
| absorption | once the enzymes break down the food molecules they can be absorbed into the fungi |
| chitin | fibrous substance forming the exoskeleton and cell wall of fungi |
| perforated septa | perforations that allow molecules to move between cells |
| coenocytic fungi | lack septa and have a continuous cytoplasmic mass with hundreds of thousands of nuclei |
| hyphae | structure- chain of fungal cells end to end function- extracellular absorption for feeding and growth |
| mycelium | structure- network of branching hyphae function- extracellular absorption for feeding and growth |
| fruiting body | structure- hyphae configuration function- reproduction spore bearing (asexual and sexual) |
| haustoria | structure- specialized hyphae function- allow them to penetrate the tissue of the host |
| plasmogamy | fusion of 2 compatible haploid nuclei- 2 nuclear types are present in the same cell but not fused yet |
| heterokaryon | fungal cell that contains 2 or more unlike nuclei |
| dikaryon | pair of associated but unfused haploid nuclei of a fungus cell capable of participating in repeated cell division as separate entities prior to the ultimate fusion |
| karyogamy | final step in the process of fusing together 2 haploid eukaryotic cells refers specifically to the fusion of the 2 nuclei |
| myocorrhizae | branching hyphae that penetrate the root cell wall -fungus that lived within the root system of the plants -deliver phosphate ions and minerals to plants- most vascular plants have this -is important to natural ecosystems and agriculture |
| soredia | asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or formation of soredia which are small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae |
| mycosis | general term for a fungal infection in animals |
| endophytes | fungi that live inside leaves or other plants- make toxins that deter herbivores and defend against pathogens -most endophytes are ascomycetes |
| Lichen | symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganisms and a fungus |
| pioneer species | lichen may have helped the colonization of land by plants 550 to 600 million years ago -lichens are sensitive to pollution and their death can be a warning that air quality is deteriorating |
Created by:
gracelew
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