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BIO CH28
PROTISTS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Excavata groups | Diplomonads, Parabasalids, Euglenozoans Spiral clade that includes kinetoplastids and euglenoids |
| Sar groups | Stramenophiles, alveolates, rhizarians Most controversial |
| Archeaplastida groups | red algae, green algae, and plants |
| Unikonta groups | includes animals, fungi, and some protists. |
| Endosymbiosis | a relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism |
| Diplomonads | lack plastids and have modified mitochondria called mirosomes that derive anaerobic biochemical pathways |
| Diplomonads example | often parasites Ex. Giardia intestinalis |
| Parabasalids | lack plastids and have reduced mitochondria called hydrogenosomes that derive energy anaerobically |
| Parabasalids example | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Kinetoplastids | single mitochondrion with DNA called kinetoplast. EX: African sleeping sickness and Chagas kissing bug) disease ( |
| Euglenids | has one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket from one end of the cell |
| Stramenophiles characteristics | have hairy flagella with a smooth flagella |
| Strameophile EX | Brown algae and diatoms |
| Alveolates characteristics | has membrane enclosed sacs (alveoli) just beneath the plasma membrane. Include: Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, Ciliates |
| Dinoflagellates | has two flagella reinforced by cellulose plates Toxic "red rides" are caused by dinogellates blooms |
| Apicomplexans | spread through their host as infectious cells called sporozoites (penetrates host cell) |
| Apicomplexans EX | Malaria |
| Ciliates | Most are predators of bacteria or protists with two types of nuclei. Sexual process is through binary fisson |
| Rhizarians | Many species are amoebas that move and feed by pseudopodia |
| Radiolarians characteristics | have symmetrical internal skeletons made of silica cytoplasm engulf prey that becomes attached to pseudopodia |
| Pseudopodia | the extension of the body |
| Formaniniferans (Forams) | "tests" shells made of calcium carbonate. Pseudopodia extend through pores of tests. |
| Red algae | reddish in color because of phycierythrin that masks the color of chlorophyll usually, multicellular ad the largest are seaweeds |
| Green algae characteristics | Closely related to plants. Main groups are charophytes and chlorophytes |
| Green algae environment | Most lives in freshwater and marine |
| Amoebzoans | tube or lobe like psuedopodia |
| Slime molds | spore producing fruiting bodies |
| Plasmodial slime molds characteristics | a unicellular feeding mass (plasmodium0 |
| Cellular slime molds characteristics | motile stage, forms fruiting body |
| Tubulinids | most are common unicellular protists in soil, freshwater, and marine environments |
| Entomoebas | parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates Causes amebic dysentery. |
| Symbiotic protists | benefit from their host or are parasitic (plasmodium causes malaria) |
| Photosynthetic producer protists | use photosynthesis and are main producers in aquatic coommunities. Are limited by nutrients |
| Photoautotrophs | contains chloroplasts. |
| Heterotrophs | absorb organic molecules or ingest food |
| Mixotrophs | combine photosynthesis and heterotrophism |
| 4 supergroups of eukaryotes | Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastids, Unikonta |
| Protists are.. | eukaryotes |
| Unikonta clades | amoebozoans and ophisthkonts |
| Rhizarian groups | radiolarians, forams, cercozoans |
| Amoebzoans groups | slime molds, tubulins, and antamoebas |
Created by:
Marlynb1
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