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Biology Ecology Unit
Bio Ecology Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biosphere | part of earth that supports life |
| abiotic factors | nonliving parts of an ecosystem |
| biotic factors | living organisms that inhabit an environment |
| ecology | study of how living things interact with each other and their environment |
| organism | any living thing |
| population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
| community | all of the different populations that live together in an area |
| ecosystem | a system formed by the interaction of a community with their physical environment |
| habitat | place where an organism lives |
| niche | an organism's particular role in an ecosystem |
| symbiosis | relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other |
| commensalism | relationship between two organisms in which one organisms benefits and the other is unaffected |
| mutualism | relationship between two species in which both species benefit |
| parasitism | relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed |
| producer | an organism that can makes food within an ecosystem (also known as an autotroph) |
| consumer | an organism that has to eat something else to get energy in an ecosystem (also known as heterotroph) |
| food chain | series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | a community of organisms where there are several overlapping food chains |
| trophic level | step in a food chain or food web |
| omnivore | a consumer that eats both plants and animals |
| herbivore | a consumer that eats only plants |
| carnivore | a consumer that kills and eats animals |
| scavenger | a consumer that eats animals that have already died |
| decomposer | organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms and return the nutrients to the environment |
| limiting factors | anything in the environment that restricts population growth |
| ecological pyramid | shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web |
| tolerance | ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic environmental factors |
| succession | orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem |
| primary succession | succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists |
| secondary succession | succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil |
| pioneer species | first species to populate an area during succession |
| climax community | a stable, mature community that undergoes little to no change in species over time |
| population dynamics | study of short and long term changes in the number of individuals in a given population (as affected by birth , death, immigration, and emigration) |
| exponential growth | as a population gets larger, it also grows at a faster rate |
| carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support |
| reproductive pattern | the most important factor that determines population growth (fast or slow) |
| density dependent factors | limiting factors of a population that cause more dense populations to be more strongly affected than less crowded ones (disease, competition) |
| density independent factors | limiting factors that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of size (drought, flood, fire) |
| competition | the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources |
| predation | one organisms kills and eats another, affecting the population of the organism being hunted |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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