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IB ESS command terms
Command terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Define | Give the precise meaning of a word phrase concept or physical quantity. |
Draw | Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted and joined in a straight line or smooth curve. |
Label | Add label to a diagram. |
List | Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation. |
Measure | Obtain a value for a quantity. |
State | Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation. |
Annotate | Add brief notes to a diagram or graph. |
Apply | Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in relation to a given problem or issue. |
Calculate | Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages of working. |
Describe | Give a detailed account. |
Distinguish | Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items. |
Estimate | Obtain an approximate value. |
Identify | Provide an answer from a number of possibilities. |
Interpret | Use knowledge and understanding to recognize trends and draw conclusions from given information. |
Outline | Give a brief account or summary. |
Analyse | Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure. |
Comment | Give a judgement based on a given statement or result of calculation. |
Compare and contrast | Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout. |
Construct | Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form. |
Deduce | Reach a conclusion from the information given. |
Demonstrate | Make clear by reasoning or evidence, illustrating with examples or practical application. |
Derive | Manipulate a mathematical relationship to give a new equation or relationship. |
Design | Produce a plan, simulation or model. |
Determine | Obtain the only possible answer. |
Discuss | Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. |
Evaluate | Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations. |
Explain | Give a detailed account including reasons or causes. |
Examine | Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue. |
Justify | Provide evidence to support or defend a choice, decision, strategy or course of action. |
Predict | Give an expected result. |
Sketch | Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). The sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship, and should include relevant features. |
Suggest | Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer. |
To what extent | Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument. |