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Evolution 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| linkage equilibrium | when the genotype of a chromosome at one locus is independent of its genotype at the other locus |
| linkage disequilibrium | Tendency for certain alleles at 2 linked loci to occur together more or less often than expected by chance |
| hardy weingberg equilibrium | condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time |
| hardy weinberg assumptions | no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection |
| Hardy-Weinberg equation | p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 |
| selfish genes | a gene considered primarily as an element that tends to replicate itself in a population, whether or not it has a direct effect on the organism that carries it |
| medea genetic element | a gene that has sets of instructions to provide a poison to eggs from the mother and some offspring have the element to make the antidote the others die |
| Darwin's four postulates of natural selection | variation in population, inherited traits, survival differences, survival and reproduction are nonrandom |
| Underdominance | heterozygote has lower fitness than either homozygote |
| Overdominance | heterozygote advantage |
| frequency-dependent selection | the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common it is in the population |
| Mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| mutation-selection balance | an equilibrium in the number of deleterious alleles in a population that occurs when the rate at which deleterious alleles are created by mutation equals the rate at which deleterious alleles are eliminated by selection |
| genetic drift | random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations |
| synonymous mutation | A base pair substitution that does not change the amino acid that a codon normally produces |
| nonsynonymous mutation | A mutation in a gene that changes the amino acid sequence of the protein that gene encodes |
| Inbreeding | breed from closely related people or animals, especially over many generations |
| neutral theory | Neutral mutations that rise to fixation by drift vastly outnumber beneficial mutations that rise to fixation by natural selection (null hypothesis to evolution) |
| admixture | when previously isolated populations breed |
| Outcrossing | gametes from different individuals combine to form offspring |
| Red Queen Hypothesis | the hypothesis that sexual selection allows hosts to evolve at a rate that can counter the rapid evolution of parasites |
| Haplotype | A group of alleles of different genes on a single chromosome that are closely enough linked to be inherited usually as a unit |
| Quantative traits | a measurable phenotype that depends on the cumulative actions of many genes and the environment |
| Muller's Ratchet | process by which the genomes of an asexual population accumulate deleterious mutations in an irreversible manner |
Created by:
rsb5
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